Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40078318›Full record

ArticleBiogeochemistry2025

Freshwater faces a warmer and saltier future from headwaters to coasts: climate risks, saltwater intrusion, and biogeochemical chain reactions.

Sujay S Kaushal, Sydney A Shelton, Paul M Mayer, Bennett Kellmayer, Ryan M Utz, Jenna E Reimer, Jenna Baljunas, Shantanu V Bhide, Ashley Mon, Bianca M Rodriguez-Cardona and 14 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biogeochemistry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Sujay S KaushalDepartment of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0834-9189
Sydney A SheltonDepartment of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.
Paul M MayerPacific Ecological Systems Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Corvallis, OR USA.
Bennett KellmayerDepartment of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.
Ryan M UtzChatham University, Gibsonia, PA USA.
Jenna E ReimerDepartment of Soil & Water Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL USA.
Jenna BaljunasChatham University, Gibsonia, PA USA.
Shantanu V BhideThe Charles E. Via Jr Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Manassas, VA USA.
Ashley MonDepartment of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.
Bianca M Rodriguez-CardonaGroupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Limnologie (GRIL), Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
Stanley B GrantThe Charles E. Via Jr Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Manassas, VA USA.
Tamara A Newcomer-JohnsonWatershed and Ecosystem Characterization Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Cincinnati, OH USA.
Joseph T MalinDepartment of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.
Ruth R ShatkayDepartment of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.
Daniel C CollisonDepartment of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.
Kyriaki PapageorgiouDepartment of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.
Jazmin EscobarDepartment of Geology & Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD USA.
Megan A RippyThe Charles E. Via Jr Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Occoquan Watershed Monitoring Laboratory, Virginia Tech, Manassas, VA USA.
Gene E LikensCary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY USA.
Raymond G NajjarDepartment of Meteorology and Atmospheric Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA.
Alfonso I MejiaCivil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA.
Allison LassiterUniversity of Pennsylvania Weitzman School of Design, Philadelphia, PA USA.
Ming LiHorn Point Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD USA.
Robert J ChantInstitute of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alongside global climate change, many freshwater ecosystems are experiencing substantial shifts in the concentrations and compositions of salt ions coming from both land and sea. We synthesize a risk framework for anticipating how climate change and increasing salt pollution coming from both land and saltwater intrusion will trigger chain reactions extending from headwaters to tidal waters. Salt ions trigger 'chain reactions,' where chemical products from one biogeochemical reaction influence subsequent reactions and ecosystem responses. Different chain reactions impact drinking water quality, ecosystems, infrastructure, and energy and food production. Risk factors for chain reactions include shifts in salinity sources due to global climate change and amplification of salinity pulses due to the interaction of precipitation variability and human activities. Depending on climate and other factors, salt retention can range from 2 to 90% across watersheds globally. Salt retained in ecosystems interacts with many global biogeochemical cycles along flowpaths and contributes to 'fast' and 'slow' chain reactions associated with temporary acidification and long-term alkalinization of freshwaters, impacts on nutrient cycling, CO Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10533-025-01219-6.

Indexed as

Anthropogenic salt cycleCarbon cycleClimate changeGlobal biogeochemical cyclesMetalsNitrogen cycle

Identifiers

PMID40078318
PMCPMC11893707

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.