Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40078170›Full record

ReviewLandscape ecology2025

Exploring the relationship between urban green infrastructure connectivity, size and multifunctionality: a systematic review.

Lei Li, Jeremy Carter

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Landscape ecology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Lei LiDepartment of Planning and Environmental Management, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK.
Jeremy CarterDepartment of Planning and Environmental Management, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Context: Urban green infrastructure (GI) multifunctionality is widely valued within the academic literature, and underpins calls from policy makers to enhance and expand GI resources. However, there is a gap in understanding concerning how GI connectivity and size influence GI multifunctionality outcomes. Objectives: The objectives are to: (1) present the current status of research on urban GI multifunctionality (encompassing ecosystem services and disservices) and the GI traits of connectivity and size; (2) identify relationships between these topics within the literature; (3) provide research insights and present actionable GI planning recommendations based on the findings of the research. Methods: A systematic review of 139 academic sources (2010-2023) was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Key findings include that multifunctionality themes are more commonly considered within research exploring GI connectivity across urban boundaries than within them, where a wider range of flows of ecosystem functions and associated services (and disservices) are enabled. Also, research predominantly focuses on multiple large GI sites, with limited attention to the multifunctionality of single small GI sites that are commonly found in dense urban areas. Conclusions: Greater consideration is needed of how the manipulation of GI size and connectivity influence multifunctionality outcomes, whilst also recognising the threat of ecosystem disservices emerging as a result of such actions. Through uncovering gaps in understanding concerning these issues, and highlighting topics benefiting from stronger research foundations, this research can support GI policy, practice and research in realising GI multifunctionality outcomes in urban settings, whilst minimising ecosystem disservices. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10980-025-02069-1.

Indexed as

ConnectivityEcosystem DisservicesEcosystem ServicesGreen infrastructureMultifunctionalityUrban Planning

Identifiers

PMID40078170
PMCPMC11893650

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.