Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40077667›Full record

Trial reportNutrients2025

The Impact of Artificially Sweetened Drinks on Metformin Efficacy.

Esraa Ismail, Xiaofei Chi, Mallika Bhatta, Jennifer Hosford, Angelina Bernier

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Esraa IsmailCollege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Xiaofei ChiDivision of Pediatrics Research Hub (PoRCH), UF Health Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6027-444X
Mallika BhattaCollege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Jennifer HosfordDivision of Pediatrics Research Hub (PoRCH), UF Health Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
Angelina BernierCollege of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-1300-8151

Funding

UF Health Shands Hospital 0000003366
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundArtificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) are commonly recommended as a substitute for sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in dietary counseling. Childhood obesity, associated with comorbidities like type 2 diabetes (T2D), has risen alongside increased consumption of both SSBs and ASBs. Metformin, a common treatment for pediatric T2D, affects GDF-15, a hormone involved in weight regulation. This pilot study examines the impact of ASBs on the therapeutic effects of metformin in pediatric patients with obesity and prediabetes, focusing on growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) as a potential mediator.

methodsForty-six children aged 10-21 years were randomized into two groups: one consuming non-sweetened beverages (USB) and the other consuming ASBs during a 12-week metformin intervention.

resultsWhile the USB group showed a greater decrease in the point estimate for mean BMI (-0.55 ± 1.49 USB vs. -0.23 ± 1.60 ASB) and an increase in the point estimate for mean GDF-15 (33.40 ± 58.34 in USB vs. 19.77 ± 85.87 in ASB), these differences were not statistically significant (

conclusionsAdditional studies are needed to fully elucidate the impact of non-nutritive sweeteners on metabolic health and treatment outcomes in pediatric obesity.

Indexed as

Artificially Sweetened BeveragesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Hypoglycemic AgentsMetforminPediatric ObesityPrediabetic StateAdolescentBody Mass IndexChildFemaleGrowth Differentiation Factor 15HumansInsulin ResistanceMalePilot ProjectsTreatment OutcomeGDF15 protein, humanGrowth Differentiation Factor 15Hypoglycemic AgentsMetforminmetforminnon-nutritive sweetenersobesityprediabetes

Identifiers

PMID40077667
PMCPMC11901812

What OpenQuestion holds

Texttitle and abstract
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.