Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40077390›Full record

ArticleMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Utilization of Coniferous and Deciduous Tree and Paper Ashes as Fillers of Rigid Polyurethane/Polyisocyanurate (PU/PIR) Foams.

Joanna Liszkowska, Magdalena Stepczyńska, Andrzej Trafarski, Justyna Miłek, Tomasz Karasiewicz

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Joanna LiszkowskaDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Polyurethanes, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, J. K. Chodkiewicza 30, PL 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-7094-9674
Magdalena StepczyńskaDepartment of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, J. K. Chodkiewicza 30, PL 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
Andrzej TrafarskiDepartment of Construction Materials and Biomaterials, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, J. K. Chodkiewicza 30, PL 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8191-7413
Justyna MiłekDepartment of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Technology, Seminaryjna 3, PL 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6058-8948
Tomasz KarasiewiczDepartment of Polymer Materials Engineering, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Kazimierz Wielki University, J. K. Chodkiewicza 30, PL 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Five series of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (RPU/PIR) foams were obtained. They were modified by ashes from burning paper (P) and wood: conifers (pine-S, spruce-S') and deciduous trees (oak-D, birch-B). The ash was added to rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams (PU/PIR). In this way, five series of foams with different ash contents (from 1 to 9% wt.) were obtained: PP, PS, PD, PS', PB. The model foam (reference-W) was obtained without filler. The basic properties, physico-mechanical, and thermal properties of the ashes and obtained foams were examined. It was specified, among other things, the cellular structure by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and changes in chemical structure by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were compared. The obtained foams were also subjected to thermostating in a circulating air dryer in increased temperature (120 °C) for 48 h. Ash tests showed that their skeletal density is about 2.9 g/cm

Indexed as

birchdeciduous treeDSCEDSFTIRoak ashpinerigid foamsprucethermal properties

Identifiers

PMID40077390
PMCPMC11901464

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.