ArticleHealthcare (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Effect of an 11-Week Repeated Maximal Lumbar Movement with Controlled Breathing on Lumbar Sagittal Range of Motion in Elite Swimmers: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Motor imagery enhances core training effects on lumbar proprioception in elite swimmers: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lumbar range of motion (ROM) is essential to develop effective movements during the underwater undulatory swimming technique. Core exercises are used to improve the strength of the muscles that participate in that technique, and variations in sensory input and attentional focus may modulate neuromuscular responses and impact training outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an 11-week program of repeated maximal lumbar movements with closed eyes and without focused attention on lumbar sagittal ROM in elite swimmers versus executing them solely with proper exercise technique with controlled breathing.
methodsA sample of 57 professional swimmers, including 34 males (20.2 ± 4.2 years) and 23 females (20.7 ± 3.3 yrs), volunteered to complete this study. They were randomly divided into two experimental groups (EG1 and EG2) and one control group (CG). All subjects underwent the same type of training program in parallel with the EG intervention. EG1 and EG2 performed three sets of ten repetitions of lumbar flexion and extension exercises at breathing pace, 6 days a week for 11 weeks. EG1 performed the core workout with closed eyes and focused attention on the lumbar movement, while EG2 only followed the technique of the exercises at a controlled breathing pace. Lumbar flexion (F), extension (E), and total ROM (TROM) were assessed by an electrogoniometer in a seated, relaxed position over a Swiss ball.
resultsRepeated measures ANOVA showed significant differences in the multivariate profiles across groups and over time. F (8, 48) = 3.495,
conclusionsThe results suggest that repeating maximal lumbar movement at a controlled breathing pace, with opened eyes and non-focusing attention on the movement, increases lumbar ROM in the sagittal plane.
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