ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
An Update of Salivary Biomarkers for the Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acitretin shows promising potential in Alzheimer's disease: retinoid-driven modulation of amyloid processing, neuroinflammation, and translational prospects.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Peripheral and Central miRNA Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease: Tissue-Specific Variability, Sex-Associated Differences, and Implications for Blood-Based Biomarkers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Salivary protein macromolecules as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers linking oral health and neurodegenerative diseases-emerging mechanisms and future perspectives.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- Salivary Biomarkers in Alzheimer's Disease: Emerging Diagnostic Tools and Their Association with Periodontal Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- [The Role of Salivary Microbiota in Oral and Systemic Disease Development and Diagnosis].Sichuan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Sichuan University. Medical science edition · 2026Review
- Relationships Between Salivary Biomarkers and Oral Function in Elderly People Using a Saliva Testing Device.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Chronic periodontitis and systemic inflammation in the elderly: implications for neurodegeneration.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Salivary Gland Uptake onBrain and behavior · 2026Article
- Association between serum lactoferrin concentrations and the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study.European journal of nutrition · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognition and behavior impairments. Diagnosing AD early is important for clinicians to slow down AD progression and preserve brain function. Biomarkers such as tau protein and amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) are used to aid diagnosis as clinical diagnosis often lags. Additionally, biomarkers can be used to monitor AD status and evaluate AD treatment. Clinicians detect these AD biomarkers in the brain using positron emission tomography/computed tomography or in the cerebrospinal fluid using a lumbar puncture. However, these methods are expensive and invasive. In contrast, saliva collection is simple, inexpensive, non-invasive, stress-free, and repeatable. Moreover, damage to the brain parenchyma can impact the oral cavity and some pathogenic molecules could travel back and forth from the brain to the mouth. This has prompted researchers to explore biomarkers in the saliva. Therefore, this study provides an overview of the main finding of salivary biomarkers for AD diagnosis. Based on these available studies, Aβ, tau, cholinesterase enzyme activity, lactoferrin, melatonin, cortisol, proteomics, metabolomics, exosomes, and the microbiome were changed in AD patients' saliva when compared to controls. However, well-designed studies are essential to confirm the reliability and validity of these biomarkers in diagnosing and monitoring AD.
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