ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Tear Sampling and Biomarker Discovery: A Robust Workflow for Routine Clinical Applications Using UHPLC-MS/MS and Schirmer Strips.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multi-Mode Integrated Bioinspired Electronic Tongue for Point-of-Care Tear Diagnosis.Biosensors · 2026Article
- Transcending genome-wide association studies to create useful multi-omic views of glaucoma.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2026Review
- A Pilot Proteomic Analysis of Tear Fluid in Domestic Cats with and Without Conjunctivitis Using MALDI-TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Correlation of tear cortisol levels with morphological and biomechanical parameters of keratoconus.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human tear analysis is gaining increasing attention as a non-invasive tool for several applications such as proteomics and biomarker identification in various diseases, including cancer. The choice of the correct sampling method determines the result of the analysis. In this study, we developed and validated a robust method for tear protein quantification using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Tear samples were collected with Schirmer strips, a low-cost and practical tool for tear collection. It is the first time that internal standards have been used to enhance the analytical performance of a method based on Schirmer strips for tear sampling, overcoming the issues widely reported in the literature regarding protein extraction and data reproducibility. Non-human proteins were used for method development, ensuring improved accuracy and analytical precision. The method demonstrated excellent recovery, high sensitivity, and reproducibility. The use of Schirmer strips, combined with this advanced analytical method, highlights their potential as a reliable support for tear protein quantification and biomarker discovery. This study provides a cost-effective and reliable workflow for tear proteome analysis and contributes to the growing field of tear-based diagnostics, making it suitable for routine clinical and research applications in precision medicine.
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Registered trials
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