Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40074803›Full record

Trial reportScientific reports2025

Examination of effect and responder to real-time auditory feedback during overground gait for stroke: a randomized cross-over study.

Sota Araki, Takasuke Miyazaki, Jun Shibasaki, Kazumi Okumura, Asami Ishii, Daichi Shimose, Yasufumi Takeshita, Motoaki Takamura, Ryoji Kiyama

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Sota ArakiDepartment of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, Japan.
Takasuke MiyazakiDepartment of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan.
Jun ShibasakiRehabilitation Department, Social Medical Corporation Shoudoukai Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.
Kazumi OkumuraRehabilitation Department, Social Medical Corporation Shoudoukai Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.
Asami IshiiRehabilitation Department, Social Medical Corporation Shoudoukai Southern Tohoku General Hospital, Miyagi, Japan.
Daichi ShimoseDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-8506, Japan.
Yasufumi TakeshitaDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-8506, Japan.
Motoaki TakamuraDepartment of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Tohoku Fukushi University, Miyagi, Japan.
Ryoji KiyamaDepartment of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima, 890-8506, Japan. kiyama@health.nop.kagoshima-u.ac.jp.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 24K20500Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 24K21166
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Real-time auditory feedback for overground gait was developed to simulate realistic gait practice. This study aimed to assess the effects of different auditory feedback conditions and identify patients with stroke who might benefit from auditory feedback based on physical function. Twenty patients with stroke participated in three 6-min gait trials: no feedback (control), auditory feedback focused on increasing ankle plantar flexion (ankle trial), and auditory feedback on increasing lower-leg extension angle (leg trial). Physical function was evaluated using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB); gait function was assessed through gait speed, cadence, stride length, and joint motion using inertial sensors before and after each trial. Gait speed (P = 0.001), stride length (P < 0.001), ankle plantar flexion (P = 0.014), and leg extension angles (P = 0.020) improved significantly over time. Interaction effects between time and trial were observed for stride length (P = 0.001) and leg extension angle (P = 0.003). Among the auditory feedback trials, stride length (P = 0.012), length-time difference (P = 0.003), and leg extension angle (P = 0.008) increased significantly in the leg trial compared with the control trial. SPPB scores were independently associated with the benefit from the leg trial (odds ratio: 2.217, 95% confidence interval: 1.152-4.266, P = 0.017). Real-time auditory feedback focused on leg extension angle during gait may enhance gait speed by improving leg extension and optimizing spatial gait strategies.

Indexed as

Feedback, SensoryGaitStrokeStroke RehabilitationAdultAgedCross-Over StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedJoint angleOdds ratioOverground gaitReal-time auditory feedbackStroke

Identifiers

PMID40074803
PMCPMC11904209

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.