Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40074462›Full record

ArticleAnalytica chimica acta2025

Interfacial electromigration for accelerated reactions.

Madison E Edwards, Annesha Sengupta, Dallas P Freitas, Erin A Hirtzel, Xi Chen, Joohan J Kim, Xin Yan

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Analytica chimica acta, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Mild and efficient coupling reactions enabled byCatalysis science & technology · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Madison E EdwardsDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Annesha SenguptaDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Dallas P FreitasDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Erin A HirtzelDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Xi ChenDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Joohan J KimDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
Xin YanDepartment of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 580 Ross St., College Station, TX, 77843, USA. Electronic address: xyan@tamu.edu.

Funding

Panoptic electrochemical probe for next-generation mass spectrometry based-lipidomicsR35GM143047 · NIGMS · TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY · PI Xin Yan · 2021 to 2026
$2.6M
NIGMS NIH HHS R35 GM143047
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMicrodroplets have emerged as effective confined-volume reactors due to their remarkable ability to accelerate chemical reactions compared to bulk systems. Recent research highlights the crucial role of air-liquid interfaces in this acceleration. A microdroplet can be viewed as having two kinetically distinct regions: the interface and the interior. Although the surface area represents a small portion of the total droplet, the overall reaction acceleration hinges on efficient diffusion, ensuring that a substantial proportion of reagents reach the interface for rapid surface reactions. In larger droplets, however, the rate of acceleration can be hindered by slower diffusion.

resultsIn this study, we present a novel method that employs electromigration to deliver reactants directly to the surface of a chemical solution contained within an 80 μm diameter theta capillary. This approach, termed as the large orifice theta interfacial microreactor, enhances reaction rates by overcoming diffusion limitations and ensuring immediate acceleration at the air-liquid interface. We applied this approach to accelerated Pd electrocatalysis, electro-oxidative C-H/N-H coupling, and multi-level lipid derivatization. Moreover, by controlling thin film electromigration, we can selectively control product formation in competing reactions, the ability to selectively control product formation in competing reactions, such as the electro-oxidative C-H/N-H coupling of phenothiazine (PTZ) and N,N'-dimethylaniline (DMA), v.s. the dimerization of DMA, and lipid epoxidation v.s. Mn adduction, a feature unattainable in traditional single-barrel or bulk reactions. SIGNIFICANCE: This work introduces a novel platform for accelerating chemical reactions at microdroplet interfaces. The large orifice theta interfacial microreactor not only improves reaction rates by overcoming diffusion barriers but also allows for selective product formation in multi-reaction systems. This method opens new avenues for studying and harnessing the unique properties of microdroplet interfaces for accelerated chemical reactions. Its potential for enhancing reaction selectivity and efficiency marks a significant advancement in the field of microdroplet chemistry.

Indexed as

ElectromigrationInterfacial microreactorMass spectrometryMicrodroplet acceleration

Identifiers

PMID40074462
PMCPMC12345598

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.