ArticleInterdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery2025
Sex-related differences in systemic inflammatory response and outcomes after cardiac surgery and cardiopulmonary bypass.
Article in Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Superficial Parasternal Intercostal Plane Block and Full Sternotomy; A Randomized Trial.European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery : official journal of the European Association for Cardio-thoracic Surgery · 2025Trial
- Cardiopulmonary bypass complications and their predictors in open-heart surgery at a tertiary cardiac care facility in Tanzania.Global cardiology science & practice · 2026Article
- Sex differences in outcomes of a two-stage approach to aortic arch surgery: 8-year experience of a national aortovascular centre.Journal of cardiothoracic surgery · 2026Article
- Sex- and Diabetes-Dependent Perioperative Model for End-Stage Liver Disease Trajectories Identify Distinct Hepatorenal Stress Phenotypes After Surgical Coronary Revascularization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- National Outcomes of Cardiac Surgery in Patients with History of Bariatric Surgery.Obesity surgery · 2026Article
- The Prognostic Gender-Related Value of the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- New Insights in Assessing AKI 3 Risk Factors and Predictors Associated with On-Pump Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesDifferences in inflammatory responses between men and women may contribute to sex disparities in cardiac surgery outcomes. We investigated how sex differences influence systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery.
methodsA single-centre retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing cardiac surgery from 2018 to 2020 was performed. SIRS was defined as per the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Predictors of SIRS and composite adverse outcomes (death, transient ischaemic attack/stroke, renal therapy, bleeding, postcardiotomy mechanical circulatory support, prolonged Intensive Care Unit stay) were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Mediation effects of SIRS were assessed using structural equation modelling.
resultsThe cohort included 1005 patients, of whom 299 (29.8%) were women. SIRS occurred in 28.1% of patients, and 12.7% experienced the composite end point. Female sex was significantly associated with SIRS (odds ratio 1.56; 95% confidence interval 1.12-2.18, P = 0.009) and the composite outcome (odds ratio 1.72; 95% confidence interval 1.10-2.69, P = 0.017). Baseline left ventricular dysfunction and intraoperative hyperlactatemia were additional common predictors. SIRS mediated 50.8% of the effect of female sex, 17.0% of left ventricular dysfunction and 30.9% of intraoperative hyperlactatemia on the composite outcome.
conclusionsFemale sex is independently associated with postoperative SIRS and poorer outcomes. Systemic inflammation, preoperative anaemia and procedural hyperlactatemia are potentially modifiable factors in the mechanisms through which female sex appears to worsen outcome after cardiac surgery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.