ArticleJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA2025
Associations of perceived discrimination with health outcomes and health disparities in the All of Us cohort.
Article in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Curvilinear associations of discrimination attributions with inflammatory and antiviral gene expression.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- The perception paradox: experiencing and witnessing skin color discrimination and self-rated health in Latin America.Frontiers in sociology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Update of
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesThe goal of this study was to investigate the association of perceived discrimination with health outcomes and disparities. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe study cohort consists of 60 180 participants from the 4 largest self-identified race and ethnicity (SIRE) groups in the All of Us Research Program participant body: Asian (1291), Black (4726), Hispanic (5336), and White (48 827). A perceived discrimination index (PDI) was derived from participant responses to the "Social Determinants of Health" survey, and the All of Us Researcher Workbench was used to analyze associations and mediation effects of PDI and SIRE with 1755 diseases.
resultsThe Black SIRE group has the greatest median PDI, followed by the Asian, Hispanic, and White groups. The Black SIRE group shows the greatest number of diseases with elevated risk relative to the White reference group, followed by the Hispanic and Asian groups. Perceived discrimination index was found to be positively and significantly associated with 489 out of 1755 (27.86%) diseases. "Mental Disorders" is the disease category with the greatest proportion of diseases positively and significantly associated with PDI: 59 out of 72 (81.94%) diseases. Mediation analysis showed that PDI mediates 69 out of 351 (19.66%) Black-White disease disparities. DISCUSSION: Perceived discrimination is significantly associated with risk for numerous diseases and mediates Black-White disease disparities in the All of Us participant cohort.
conclusionThis work highlights the role of discrimination as an important social determinant of health and provides a means by which it can be quantified and modeled on the All of Us platform.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.