Differences in Formation of Prepuce and Urethral Groove During Penile Development Between Guinea Pigs and Mice Are Controlled by Differential Expression of Shh, Fgf10 and Fgfr2.

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Cells, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Developmental basis of male nipple loss and retention in mammals.Research square · 2025
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Shanshan WangDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4836-3041

Zhengui ZhengDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-0997-2976

Funding

Differential cell proliferation and cell death determine the distal opening and proximal closing in guinea pig tubular urethra formationR15HD095368 · NICHD · SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY CARBONDALE · PI ZHENG, ZHENGUI · 2019 to 2019

$441k

NICHD NIH HHS R15 HD095368NIH HHS 1R15 HD095368

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The penile tubular urethra forms by canalization of the urethral plate without forming an obvious urethral groove in mice, while the urethral epithelium forms a fully open urethral groove before urethra closure through the distal-opening-proximal-closing process in humans and guinea pigs. Our knowledge of the mechanism of penile development is mainly based on studies in mice. To reveal how the fully opened urethral groove forms in humans and guinea pigs, we compared the expression patterns and levels of key developmental genes using in situ hybridization and quantitative PCR during glans and preputial development between guinea pigs and mice. Our results revealed that, compared with mouse preputial development, which started before sexual differentiation, preputial development in guinea pigs was delayed and initiated at the same time that sexual differentiation began.

Indexed as

Fibroblast Growth Factor 10Hedgehog ProteinsPenisReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2UrethraAnimalsGene Expression Regulation, DevelopmentalGuinea PigsMaleMiceFgf10 protein, mouseFgfr2 protein, mouseFibroblast Growth Factor 10Hedgehog ProteinsReceptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2Shh protein, mouseFgf signalguinea pig penile developmentpreputial developmentSonic hedgehogurethral groove formation

Identifiers

PMID40072077

DOI10.3390/cells14050348

PMCPMC11899664

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.