ArticlePediatric pulmonology2025
Does Leak Matter? A Novel Dynamic Leak Model to Simulate Leak for Performance Testing of Manual Neonatal Resuscitation Devices. A Bench Study.
Article in Pediatric pulmonology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Respiratory function monitors (RFMs) used for newborn resuscitation: accuracy and performance in the presence of leak. A bench comparison study.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Leak during term neonatal CPAP stabilisation: does resuscitation device design affect delivered PEEP - a bench study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNewborn resuscitation is commonly performed in the presence of face mask leak. Leak is highly variable, pressure-dependent and often unrecognized. The effectiveness of resuscitation devices to deliver adequate inflations in the presence of leak is unknown. Bench models simulating continuous leak have the disadvantage of not accurately reflecting leak occurring during clinical resuscitation. A dynamic leak model based on pressure-release valves was thus developed.
methodsThis study investigates self-inflating bag (SIB) and T-piece resuscitator (TPR) ventilation performance in the presence of dynamic (DLM) compared to continuous (CLM) leak models in a bench study. Five predefined leak levels were tested for each leak model (0%-87%). Resuscitation devices were connected to a test lung (compliance 0.6 mL/cmH
resultsThree thousand six hundred inflations were analyzed. DLM showed a decrease in actual tidal volumes from 0%-87% leak with tidal volume differences (SIB 4.8 mL, TPR 2.9 mL), contrasting to minimal change for CLM (SIB -0.6 mL, TPR 0.3 mL). CLM demonstrated larger differences between patient interface and actual leak. The absolute difference at 60 inflations/min at 87% leak were SIB 37.5%, TPR 18.2% for CLM compared to SIB 4.6%, TPR 1.4% for DLM.
conclusionsCLM may underestimate the impact of resuscitation device performance with poor correlation between patient interface and actual delivered volume. DLM demonstrates several advantages with a more accurate representation of face mask leak and will prove useful in modeling all systems delivering PPV.
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