ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2025
Lower creatinine levels are associated with an increased risk of depression: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen with depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in Guangzhou, China: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Prediction model for depression risk in middle-aged and elderly patients with metabolic syndrome: a nomogram and interpretable machine learning approach based on CHARLS.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Bidirectional relationship between serum creatinine to cystatin C ratio and chronic kidney disease: a mediation analysis of depression in a national aging cohort.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- The role of brain creatine in behavioral health conditions.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
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3 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction: Previous studies have found that depressive patients tend to have low levels of creatinine; however, the extent to which creatinine levels are associated with depression has been poorly investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between creatinine levels and depression. Methods: The participants and follow-up data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), as well as metabolomics data from the Metabolite Network of Depression Database (MENDA), were collected. The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD-10) was used to assess the severity of depression. Spearman correlation analysis, spline regression, and binary logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between creatinine levels and depression. Results: A total of 7,826 participants and 3,886 follow-up participants were included in the CHARLS 2011 and 2015 surveys. Of these, 37.9% (2,966/7,826) and 34.6% (13,44/3,886) of participants experienced depression in CHARLS 2011 and 2015, respectively. The creatinine level was negatively correlated with the total CESD-10 score and dimensions scores, showing an inverse dose-response relationship between creatinine levels and depression. Compared with participants with high creatinine levels, those with middle creatinine levels were associated with a higher risk of depression (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.08-1.38), while participants with low creatinine levels had the highest risk of depression (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.13-1.49) in the fully adjusted model. Similar results were observed in the follow-up data, and the MENDA metabolomics data validated the negative correlation between creatinine levels and the severity of depression. Conclusion: Lower levels of creatinine were closely associated with a higher risk of depression, and it could serve as a potential marker for identifying individuals at high risk of depression.
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