Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40070800›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in research metrics and analytics2025

Climate of Accountability, Respect, and Ethics Survey (CARES): development and validation of an organizational climate survey.

Brian C Martinson, Jarvis Smallfield, Vicki J Magley, Carol R Thrush, C K Gunsalus

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in research metrics and analytics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Brian C MartinsonRetired, Saint Paul, MI, United States.
Jarvis SmallfieldDepartment of Management, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States.
Vicki J MagleyDepartment of Psychological Sciences, University of Connecticut, Mansfield, CT, United States.
Carol R ThrushDepartment of Surgery, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
C K GunsalusNational Center for Principled Research and Ethics, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: This research describes the development and validation of the CARES Climate Survey, a 22-item measure designed to assess interpersonal dimensions of work-unit climates. Dimensions of work-unit climates are identified through work-unit member perceptions and include civility, interpersonal accountability, conflict resolution, and institutional harassment responsiveness. Methods: Two samples ( Results: We demonstrate content validity of the CARES measure and confirm structural validity through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses which yielded four dimensions of interpersonal climate. In addition, we confirm the CARES internal reliability, construct validity, and excellent sub-group invariance. Conclusions: The CARES is a brief, psychometrically sound instrument that can be used by researchers, institutional leaders, and other practitioners to assess interpersonal climates in organizational work-units. Originality/value: This is the first study to develop and validate such a measure of interpersonal climates specifically in research-intensive organizations, using rigorous psychometric methods, grounded in both theory and prior research on work-unit climates.

Indexed as

accountabilityharassmentorganizational climatepsychometricsscale developmentworkplace civility

Identifiers

PMID40070800
PMCPMC11894455

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.