Atypical Head and Neck Cysticercosis: Diagnostic Pitfalls and Clinical Insights from a Case Series and Literature Review.

Head and neck swellings encompass a broad range of differential diagnoses, often necessitating comprehensive clinical and diagnostic evaluations to reach an accurate diagnosis. Cysticercosis, a parasitic infection caused by the larval form of Taenia solium, typically affects neural and extraneural regions. Although neural manifestations are well-documented, extraneural cysticercosis in the head and neck is rare and can mimic neoplastic and inflammatory conditions, posing diagnostic challenges. This study presents a series of cases of atypical head and neck cysticercosis, including unique presentations in regions like the parotid gland, tongue, and neck muscles, which were initially mistaken for other common pathologies. Through a detailed analysis of imaging findings and histopathological examinations, this article highlights diagnostic pitfalls and emphasizes the importance of considering cysticercosis in differential diagnoses, especially in endemic regions. This case series, supported by a systematic review of literature, underscores the need for heightened clinical awareness to prevent misdiagnosis and ensure timely management of this rare but significant condition.