ArticleJournal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma2025
Hand in hand with healthcare: A nationwide analysis of emergency department encounters for hand ailments.
Article in Journal of clinical orthopaedics and trauma, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Use of Social Determinants of Health Z-Codes in Hand Trauma Patients.Hand (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Hand ailments are frequent reasons for emergency department (ED) visits in the United States. This study analyzed the incidence, causes, outcomes, predictors of hospitalization, and healthcare utilization patterns nationwide. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample and National Readmission Database from 2016 to 2021. It included patients with a principal diagnosis of hand or wrist complaints. Results: The study included 29,109,534 ED visits for hand ailments. The mean patient age was 36 years. Most patients were Caucasian (61 %), healthy (89 % Charlson Comorbidity score of 0), male (57 %), and from lower income brackets (60 %). Most injuries were unintentional (71 %), with hand lacerations being the most common reason for presentation, followed by closed distal radius fractures. Most patients were discharged home (96 %). Predictors of admission included older age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) per decade: 1.03; 95 % Confidence Interval (CI): 1.02-1.03; p < 0.01), higher Charlson index (aOR:1.69; CI:1.65-1.73; p < 0.01), Medicaid insurance or uninsured (aOR:1.26; CI:1.18-1.36, aOR:1.25; CI:1.16-1.36; p < 0.01, respectively), and presentation at level I metropolitan trauma teaching hospitals (aOR:3.48; CI:2.98-4.07; p < 0.01). Admission rates increased by 21 % in 2020 compared to 2016. Healthcare expenditure was a staggering $105 billion in total ED and inpatient hospitalization charges. Expenditure increased significantly, surpassing inflation-adjusted rates. Conclusions: Our analysis of 29 million patients highlights the healthcare burden posed by hand ailments, with lacerations being the most prevalent concern in emergency settings. Admission and readmission rates were influenced by age, comorbidities, socioeconomic status, insurance type, and hospital characteristics. This study provides a basis for targeted interventions in patient outcome enhancement and resource allocation. Limitations include the reliance on ICD-10-CM coding in the absence of clinical data, which may impact the accuracy of case identification and classification.
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