ArticleThe British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science2026
Examining the needs, outcomes and current treatment pathways of 2461 people with treatment-resistant depression: mixed-methods study.
Article in The British journal of psychiatry : the journal of mental science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Subcallosal cingulate functional connectivity in depression: a systematic review of brain stimulation-induced changes and pretreatment connectivity predictors.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Nitrous oxide for the treatment of depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EBioMedicine · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of probiotic intervention in unmedicated depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Improvements in health-related quality of life with esketamine nasal spray versus quetiapine extended release.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Trial
- The mPFC-reuniens-hippocampus pathway links brain circuitry and neural plasticity in antidepressant response.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Real‑World Clinical Characterization of Major Depressive Disorder and Treatment‑Resistant Depression Supported by Natural Language Processing: Multicenter Observational Study From the MOOD Project.Interactive journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Assessment of glymphatic system function using DTI-ALPS in depressive disorders: a study of its correlation with clinical features and plasma GFAP levels.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- The Role of Exosomes in the Regulation of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Resistance-Linking Cellular Crosstalk to Clinical Implications in Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundA substantial subset of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) experience treatment-resistant depression (TRD), typically defined as failure to respond to at least two sequential antidepressant trials at adequate dose and length.
aimsTo examine clinical and service-level associations of TRD, and the experiences of people with TRD and clinicians involved in their care within a large, diverse National Health Service trust in the UK.
methodThis mixed-methods study integrated quantitative analysis of electronic health records with thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. Chi-squared tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to assess associations between lines of antidepressant treatments and sociodemographic and clinical variables, and binary logistic regression was used to identify associations of TRD status.
resultsNearly half (48%) of MDD patients met TRD criteria, with 36.9% having trialled ≥4 antidepressant treatments. People with TRD had higher rates of recurrent depression (odds ratio = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.05-1.45,
conclusionsTRD is characterised by increasing mental and physical morbidity and functional decline, with individuals experiencing barriers to effective care. Improved pathways, service structures and more effective biological and psychological interventions are needed.
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