Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40070294›Full record

ArticleViolence against women2026

Factors Influencing Attitudes Toward Intimate Partner Violence Among Married Women: A Multilevel Analysis Across 20 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Lakma Gunarathne, Pragalathan Apputhurai, Maja Nedeljkovic, Jahar Bhowmik

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Violence against women, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Lakma GunarathneDepartment of Health Science and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0002-0602-8683
Pragalathan ApputhuraiDepartment of Health Science and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-1667-6315
Maja NedeljkovicDepartment of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0003-0963-0335
Jahar BhowmikDepartment of Health Science and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia.ORCID 0000-0001-9697-1968

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread issue, particularly affecting married women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where cultural norms often lead to its acceptance. Using data from national demographic and health surveys and a two-level hierarchical model, this study examines factors affecting IPV acceptance among married women in 20 LMICs. Studies show that higher education, greater wealth, decision-making power, urban residency, and older age at marriage all reduce IPV acceptance. Furthermore, surveys from 2019 to 2022 indicate a decline in acceptance of IPV. In LMICs, targeted interventions need to be implemented to reduce IPV and increase gender equality.

Indexed as

AttitudeIntimate Partner ViolenceMarriageAdultDeveloping CountriesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedMultilevel AnalysisSocioeconomic FactorsSurveys and Questionnairesattitudes toward IPVcountry-level factorsindividual-level factorslow-and middle-income countriesmarried womenmultilevel modeling (MLM)

Identifiers

PMID40070294
PMCPMC13018246

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.