Trial reportBMC medicine2025
Efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (PD-1/CTLA-4 bispecific) in combination with chemotherapy in anti-PD-1-resistant recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase 2 trial.
Trial report in BMC medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Efficacy and safety of cadonilimab for malignant solid tumor treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy, long-term survival and safety of different PD-1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors in recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Oncology reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Cadonilimab plus lenvatinib in advanced endometrial cancer: the multicenter single-arm phase II CLEAR-EC trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Review
- Efficacy and safety of liposomal irinotecan plus nimotuzumab in immune checkpoint inhibitor-refractory recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a single-arm, open-label, phase II trial.EClinicalMedicine · 2026Article
- Immunotherapy in NK/T-Cell Lymphoma: Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, Resistance, and Emerging Multimodal Strategies.Cancers · 2026Review
- Advances in immunotherapy and targeted therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Current progress and combined approaches (Review).Oncology reports · 2026Review
- Harnessing the immune microenvironment: advances in nasopharyngeal carcinoma immunotherapy.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma at the Virology Precision Oncology Nexus: Decoding Molecular Alterations for Early Intervention and Therapeutic Innovation.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Efficacy and prognostic model development of immune checkpoint inhibitor rechallenge in recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a real-world study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Bispecific antibodies (PD-1/CTLA-4) vs. PD-1 inhibitors with platinum-based chemotherapy±bevacizumab as first-line therapy for persistent, recurrent, or metastatic cervical cancer: a retrospective matched cohort study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Real-world treatment practices and survival outcomes of patients with de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma after chemoimmunotherapy.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Overcoming resistance to PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (anti-PD-1 and CTLA-4 bispecific antibody) plus TPC chemotherapy (NAB-paclitaxel, cisplatin or lobaplatin, and capecitabine) in patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC) who failed to PD-1 inhibitor-containing regimens.
methodsIn this single-arm, open-label, phase 2 study, RM-NPC patients who failed to at least one line of systemic chemotherapy and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy were enrolled and received cadonilimab plus TPC chemotherapy every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, followed by cadonilimab plus capecitabine every 3 weeks for a maximum of 2 years. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR). The secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), duration of response (DoR), and safety.
resultsTwenty-five patients were enrolled (84% male; median age 44 years (range, 24-60)), with a median follow-up of 10.2 months. The ORR was 68%, with 3 complete responses, 14 partial responses, and 6 stable diseases. The median DoR was 9.1 months (95% CI, 3.8-14.5 months). The median PFS was 10.6 months (95% CI, 5.2-16.0 months). The 12-month OS was 75.6%. Treatment was well tolerated. Grade 3 or 4 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 12 (48%) patients. Fourteen patients (56%) experienced potentially immune-related adverse events (irAEs). One patient experienced a grade 3 immune-related rash and another patient had grade 3 immune-related lipase increased. No treatment-related death occurred.
conclusionsCadonilimab in combination with TPC chemotherapy demonstrated promising antitumoral efficacy and manageable toxicities in patients with RM-NPC who failed frontline immunotherapy. Further trials are warranted to confirm and expand these findings.
trial registrationThis trial was registered at chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR2200067057).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.