Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40069303›Full record

ReviewNPJ digital medicine2025

Bias recognition and mitigation strategies in artificial intelligence healthcare applications.

Fereshteh Hasanzadeh, Colin B Josephson, Gabriella Waters, Demilade Adedinsewo, Zahra Azizi, James A White

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in NPJ digital medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
119citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

119 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  3. Pooled it
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  6. Neurofeedback for functional neurological disorders: future directions for research and clinical practice.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
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  19. Artificial intelligence in pediatric myopia - a narrative review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Review
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59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Fereshteh HasanzadehLibin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-7369-3526
Colin B JosephsonDepartment of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Gabriella WatersMorgan State University, Center for Equitable AI & Machine Learning Systems, Baltimore, MD, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-1821-6091
Demilade AdedinsewoDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-2029
Zahra AziziDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
James A WhiteLibin Cardiovascular Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. jawhit@ucalgary.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-4507

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is delivering value across all aspects of clinical practice. However, bias may exacerbate healthcare disparities. This review examines the origins of bias in healthcare AI, strategies for mitigation, and responsibilities of relevant stakeholders towards achieving fair and equitable use. We highlight the importance of systematically identifying bias and engaging relevant mitigation activities throughout the AI model lifecycle, from model conception through to deployment and longitudinal surveillance.

Identifiers

PMID40069303
PMCPMC11897215

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.