Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40067898›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025

Dual mRNA nanoparticles strategy for enhanced pancreatic cancer treatment and β-elemene combination therapy.

Qianru Zhu, Chuao Yu, Yiquan Chen, Wei Luo, Meng Li, Jianhua Zou, Fan Xiao, Soohwan An, Qimanguli Saiding, Wei Tao and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  4. Interleukin 6 Drives Durable T Cell-Mediated Immunity to Pancreatic Cancer.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Qianru Zhu *Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
Chuao Yu *Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
Yiquan Chen *Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of The Second Affliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
Wei LuoKey Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
Meng LiKey Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
Jianhua ZouKey Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
Fan XiaoLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of The Second Affliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3429-5241
Soohwan AnCenter for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.ORCID 0000-0002-8837-1898
Qimanguli SaidingCenter for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.ORCID 0000-0003-2783-5991
Wei TaoCenter for Nanomedicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.ORCID 0000-0002-4277-3728
Na KongLiangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Ophthalmology, Eye Center of The Second Affliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.
Tian XieKey Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is notoriously immune-resistant, limiting the clinical efficacy of single-agent immune modulators and thereby necessitating the exploration of multimodal immunotherapy combinations. Traditional approaches combining conventional immune checkpoint inhibitors with neoantigen vaccines have shown some promise in treating PDAC but are often compromised by intratumoral T lymphocyte exhaustion and systemic toxicity. Hence, novel approaches are needed to address these challenges. Herein, we demonstrate that mRNA polymeric nanoparticles encoding anti-PD-1 antibodies in situ at the tumor site enhance the therapeutic efficacy of neoantigen-based mRNA vaccine for PDAC. This mRNA-based, in situ anti-PD-1 antibody production strategy also protects tumor-infiltrating T cells from PD-1 inhibition, potentially reducing the toxicities induced by systemic checkpoint inhibition. Our study may provide an innovative dual mRNA nanoparticle strategy for effective tumor neoantigen immunotherapy, as well as an mRNA cancer combination therapy strategy with other clinically approved drugs (e.g., β-elemene).

Indexed as

Carcinoma, Pancreatic DuctalNanoparticlesPancreatic NeoplasmsRNA, MessengerSesquiterpenesAnimalsCancer VaccinesCell Line, TumorCombined Modality TherapyFemaleHumansImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsImmunotherapyMiceProgrammed Cell Death 1 Receptorbeta-elemeneCancer VaccinesImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorRNA, MessengerSesquiterpenesanti-PD1cancer therapydual mRNA strategynanoparticlesneoantigen vaccine

Identifiers

PMID40067898
PMCPMC11929461

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.