ArticleSports medicine - open2025
Investigating the Utility of the BrainEye Smartphone Eye Tracking Application and Platform in Concussion Management.
Article in Sports medicine - open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- iPad Eye Tracking Reproduces Clinical Grade Oculomotor Differences in Parkinson's Disease.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundConcussion is a common consequence of engaging in collision sports, with the often mild, transient nature of symptoms posing a considerable diagnostic and management challenge. This challenge is vastly magnified for athletes competing at grassroots/non-professional levels, who lack field side access to medical expertise in the assessment of a player's capacity to continue playing or need for further medical attention. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the utility of the BrainEye application and hardware (BrainEye platform) as a concussion screening tool, specifically determining (1) its sensitivity and specificity with respect to identifying an individual with a clinically diagnosed concussion, (2) the stability of the platform through test completion/failure rates, and (3) its usability through operator feedback and uptake/integration into concussion management protocols.
resultsUsing the BrainEye platform, 348 male professional Australian Rules footballers from 10 Australian Football League (AFL) clubs completed 4 simple ocular protocols (pupillary light reflex, PLR; smooth pursuit eye movements, SMP; near-point convergence, NPC; horizontal gaze nystagmus, HGN) at baseline, prior to the onset of the 2022 AFL season, and following the clinical diagnosis of concussion throughout the season during a game/training/practice (n = 11 players immediately following a concussive event, and on 14 occasions 2-7 days following a concussive event). Although club participation and protocol adherence rates were suboptimal, with clubs citing COVID-19 restrictions and cumbersome hardware set-up as primary reasons for non-participation/missing data, a BrainEye score that derived from an algorithm combining smooth pursuit and pupillary light reflex measures, achieved 100% sensitivity relative to clinical judgement, in identifying all instances of clinically diagnosed concussion, and 85% specificity.
conclusionsCollectively, the results of this study suggest that by removing the requirement for add-on hardware and providing a smartphone-only option with direct feedback on performance to the user, the BrainEye application may provide a useful screening tool for sport-related concussion.
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