Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40066530›Full record

SynthesisClinical and experimental dental research2025

Postbiotics and Dental Caries: A Systematic Review.

Faezeh Heidari, Artak Heboyan, Dinesh Rokaya, Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes, Mobina Heidari, Morteza Banakar, Muhammad Sohail Zafar

Abstract readSystematic Review
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Journal of oral microbiology · 2026
    Review
  4. Compatibility of toothpastes with probiotics for periodontal health: anFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. The impact ofFrontiers in dental medicine · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Faezeh HeidariDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
Artak HeboyanDepartment of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.ORCID 0000-0001-8329-3205
Dinesh RokayaClinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.
Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira FernandesA. T. Still University - Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3022-4390
Mobina HeidariStudent Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
Morteza BanakarDepartment of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.ORCID 0000-0003-1715-0198
Muhammad Sohail ZafarClinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.

Funding

The authors received no specific funding for this work.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence regarding the impact of postbiotics on dental caries, focusing on the effectiveness of postbiotic interventions in caries prevention, mechanisms of action, optimal dosages, and administration protocols.

methodsA literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental, observational, and in vitro studies. The selection followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A qualitative synthesis was performed due to heterogeneity in study designs and outcomes.

resultsTwenty-one studies were included (18 in vitro and three randomized controlled trials). Postbiotics derived from various Lactobacillus species demonstrated inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans growth, biofilm formation, and virulence gene expression. Proposed mechanisms include direct antimicrobial activity, inhibition of bacterial adhesion, disruption of biofilm formation, modulation of immune responses, and pH buffering. After postbiotic interventions, human trials showed reduced salivary S. mutans counts and increased salivary pH.

conclusionsPostbiotics offer a promising novel approach to dental caries prevention by targeting cariogenic bacteria and modulating the oral microbiome through multiple mechanisms. Compared to probiotics, postbiotics present additional advantages, including enhanced safety, stability, and ease of incorporation into oral care products.

Indexed as

Dental CariesProbioticsBiofilmsHumansLactobacillusMicrobiotaSalivaStreptococcus mutanscariogenic bacteriadental cariesoral healthoral microbiomepostbiotics

Identifiers

PMID40066530
PMCPMC11894266

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.