ArticleFrontiers in immunology2025
A comprehensive prognostic and immunological implications of Gremlin 1 in lung adenocarcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gremlin-1 Drives Tumour Vascularization by Promoting Endothelial Differentiation and Angiogenesis.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Fibroblast-derived gremlin-1 Is associated with ovarian cancer-cell phenotypes in co-culture models.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a prevalent form of lung cancer globally, known for its high invasiveness, metastatic potential, and notable heterogeneity, particularly in its response to immunotherapy. Gremlin 1 (GREM1) is implicated in tumor progression and poor prognosis in multiple cancers. However, GREM1's specific role in LUAD remains unclear. This study systematically examines GREM1 expression in LUAD and its association with tumor progression, immune microenvironment, and prognosis. Methods: Gene expression data from the TCGA and GSE31210 databases were analyzed using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA), GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. The prognostic value of GREM1 was evaluated through survival analysis, Cox regression, and Kaplan-Meier curves. Additionally, immune microenvironment analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between GREM1 and immune cell infiltration. Results: GREM1 was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues and correlated with poor prognosis. Moreover, GREM1 was significantly associated with immune cell infiltration and immunotherapy response within the immune microenvironment. Conclusions: A comprehensive analysis indicates that GREM1 is crucial in LUAD progression, with its overexpression predicting poor prognosis. GREM1 could be a potential therapeutic target for LUAD, providing insights for personalized therapy optimization.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.