ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2025
Clinical Comparison of COVID Waves 2-5. An Inpatient Retrospective Comparative Analysis From Karachi, Pakistan.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Each coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) wave is unique in its clinical presentation and outcome. In this study, we compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID waves 2-5 in inpatient settings. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at the Sindh Infectious Diseases Hospital and Research Center on adult patients who were admitted with a positive COVID polymerase chain reaction from July 2020 to March 2022. SPSS 26 was used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 3190 COVID-19 patients were admitted. Wave 2 had the highest percentage of discharges compared with mortality (81%; Conclusions: Each wave had some unique characteristics compared with other waves, with wave 4, driven by the Delta variant, being the deadliest one in terms of disease severity and outcomes.
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