Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40065887›Full record

ReviewCureus2025

Vitamin E (α-Tocopherol): Emerging Clinical Role and Adverse Risks of Supplementation in Adults.

Alan D Kaye, Austin S Thomassen, Sydney A Mashaw, Ellie M MacDonald, Aubert Waguespack, Lily Hickey, Anushka Singh, Deniz Gungor, Anusha Kallurkar, Adam M Kaye and 2 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  12. Significance of Vitamins A and E in Cancer Progression and Prevention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Alan D KayeDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Austin S ThomassenSchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Sydney A MashawSchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Ellie M MacDonaldSchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Aubert WaguespackSchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Lily HickeySchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Anushka SinghSchool of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Deniz GungorDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Anusha KallurkarDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Adam M KayeDepartment of Pharmacy Practice, Thomas J. Long School of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of the Pacific, Stockton, USA.
Sahar ShekoohiDepartment of Anesthesiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
Giustino VarrassiDepartment of Pain Medicine, Fondazione Paolo Procacci, Rome, ITA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Vitamin E, primarily in its active form α-tocopherol, is a well-known antioxidant that protects cells from oxidative stress and free radical damage. It plays an essential role in maintaining cellular integrity and supporting immune function, making Vitamin E a widely popular and easily accessible dietary supplement for overall health and wellness. However, high-dose Vitamin E supplementation has become a concern related to potential risks. The scientific research surrounding the safety and efficacy of Vitamin E is complex yet emphasizes a balance in the use of Vitamin E supplementation. Excessive or high-dose supplementation causes a shift in this balance, as Vitamin E's beneficial antioxidant properties are outweighed by harmful interference in normal cellular processes such as immunity, cell growth, and oxidative stress. An additional complication involves Vitamin E's anticoagulant effects, which have been shown to amplify the risk of bleeding when high-dose supplementation is combined with blood thinners such as warfarin and aspirin. Studies have linked high-dose Vitamin E supplementation to adverse outcomes, including enhanced risks of all-cause mortality, hemorrhagic stroke, cardiovascular events, and certain cancers. These risks are particularly significant for individuals with pre-existing health conditions such as heart failure, coagulation disorders, or a history of stroke. The potential risk of adverse side effects emphasizes the need for further research into high-dose Vitamin E supplementation. This review will provide a comprehensive analysis of Vitamin E's multifaceted role in health and physiology, focusing on navigating the balance between potential benefits and risks in supplementation.

Indexed as

antioxidantcancercardiovascularhemorrhagestrokevitamin eα-tocopherol

Identifiers

PMID40065887
PMCPMC11891505

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.