ArticleMedical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal2024
Visio-spatial intelligence skills in non-athletes versus amateur boxers.
Article in Medical hypothesis, discovery & innovation ophthalmology journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Visio-Spatial Skills in Amateur Taekwondo Athletes Compared with Non-Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Frequency-specific resting-state EEG modulation during eyes-closed and eyes-open transitions in female soccer players.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The relationship between visual ability assessment and competitive boxing performance in female amateur boxers.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Visio-spatial intelligence (VSI) skills, including abilities such as spatial awareness, visual processing, and motor coordination, are crucial for athletic performance, particularly in combat sports such as boxing. Amateur boxers require efficient visio-spatial skills (VSS) to quickly process visual information, track opponents' movements, and execute precise techniques. However, the extent to which amateur boxing experience enhances VSS remains unclear. This study compared the VSI skills of amateur boxers to those of non-athletes. Methods: This cross-sectional, observational study recruited amateur boxers and non-athletes in the King Cetshwayo District, KwaZulu-Natal, Republic of South Africa. Participants, aged 18 to 27 years, underwent a detailed optometric screening and VSS tests, including accommodation facility, saccadic eye movements, speed of recognition, hand-eye coordination, peripheral awareness, and visual memory. Results: The study included 90 participants, consisting of 45 amateur boxers (28 [62%] men aged 18 to 25 years and 17 [38%] women aged 18 to 27 years) and 45 non-athletes (29 [64%] men aged 18 to 26 years and 16 [36%] women aged 18 to 27 years). The mean (standard deviation) age of the boxers was 20.7 (2.2) years, whereas the mean age of the non-athletes was 21.9 (2.4) years ( Conclusions: VSS differ between amateur boxers and non-athletes, indicating the importance of these skills for athletic performance. These findings emphasize the potential advantages of boxing training in enhancing VSS, which could impact athletic training and performance-enhancement strategies. This underscores the value of integrating visio-spatial training into athletic programs. The observed superiority of boxers in specific VSS areas has broad implications for theories of sports vision, the selection of appropriate tests, and the development of sport-specific VSS testing protocols. Further longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes are required to verify these findings and assess changes in these skills over time.
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