Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40065594›Full record

ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2025

Investigation of the Blood Microbiome in Horses With Fever of Unknown Origin.

Yining Sun, Y Tina Yu, Ximena Olarte Castillo, Renee Anderson, Minghui Wang, Qi Sun, Rebecca Tallmadge, Kelly Sams, Guillaume Reboul, Jordan Zehr and 9 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Yining SunCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-7806-4992
Y Tina YuCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.ORCID 0009-0007-3191-1682
Ximena Olarte CastilloCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Renee AndersonCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Minghui WangCenter for Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Qi SunCenter for Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Rebecca TallmadgeCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Kelly SamsCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Guillaume ReboulCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Jordan ZehrCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Joel BrownCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Xiyu WangCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Nicholas MarraDivision of Science, Mathematics, and Technology, Governors State University, University Park, Illinois, USA.
Bryce StanhopeCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Jennifer GrenierCenter for Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Nicola PusterlaSchool of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA.
Thomas DiversCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Linda MittelCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.
Laura B GoodmanCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8327-3092

Funding

Department of Defense W81XWH-22-1-0891FDA HHS U18 FD006716FDA HHS U18 FD006993Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine ResearchUS Food and Drug Administration's Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network 1U18FD006716US Food and Drug Administration's Veterinary Laboratory Investigation and Response Network 1U18FD006993
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFever of unknown origin (FUO) without a respiratory component is a frequent clinical presentation in horses. Multiple pathogens, both tick-borne and enteric, can be involved as etiologic agents. An additional potential mechanism is intestinal barrier dysfunction.

objectivesThis case-control study aimed to detect and associate microbial taxa in blood with disease state. STUDY

designAreas known for a high prevalence of tick-borne diseases in humans were chosen to survey horses with FUO, which was defined as fever of 101.5°F or higher with no signs of respiratory illness or other recognisable diseases. Blood samples and clinical parameters were obtained from 52 FUO cases and also from matched controls from the same farms. An additional 23 febrile horses without matched controls were included.

methodsBroadly targeted polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification directed at conserved sequence regions of bacterial 16S rRNA, parasite 18S rRNA, coronavirus RdRp and parvovirus NS1 was performed, followed by deep sequencing. To control for contamination and identify taxa unique to the cases, metagenomic sequences from the controls were subtracted from those of the cases, and additional targeted molecular testing was performed. Sera were also tested for antibodies to equine coronavirus.

resultsOver 60% of cases had intestinal microbial DNA circulating in the blood. Nineteen percent of cases were attributed to infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, of which two were subtyped as human-associated strains. A novel Erythroparvovirus was detected in two cases and two controls. Serum titres for equine coronavirus were elevated in some cases but not statistically different overall between the cases and controls. MAIN LIMITATIONS: Not all pathogens are expected to circulate in blood, which was the sole focus of this study.

conclusionsThe presence of commensal gut microbes in blood of equine FUO cases is consistent with a compromised intestinal barrier, which is highlighted as a direction for future study.

Indexed as

Fever of Unknown OriginHorse DiseasesMicrobiotaAnimalsCase-Control StudiesFemaleHorsesMalemicrobiomemolecular diagnosticspathogen discoverytick‐borne disease

Identifiers

PMID40065594
PMCPMC11893731

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.