Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40065519›Full record

ArticleJournal of biomedical research2025

Bidirectional Mendelian randomization and mediation analysis of million-scale data reveal causal relationships between thyroid-related phenotypes, smoking, and lung cancer.

Xiang Wang, Xuan Wang, Mengsheng Zhao, Lijuan Lin, Yi Li, Ning Xie, Yanru Wang, Aoxuan Wang, Xiaowen Xu, Can Ju and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of biomedical research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Xiang WangDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Xuan WangDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Mengsheng ZhaoDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Lijuan LinDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Yi LiDepartment of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Ning XieDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Yanru WangDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Aoxuan WangDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Xiaowen XuDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Can JuDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Qiuyuan ChenDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Jiajin ChenDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Ruili HouDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Zhongwen ZhangDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
David C ChristianiPulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Feng ChenDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Yongyue WeiDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.
Ruyang ZhangDepartment of Biostatistics, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China.

Funding

Translational Research Support CoreP30ES000002 · NIEHS · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI JAIME ELIZABETH HART · 1985 to 2026
$44.6M
The Boston Lung Cancer Survival CohortU01CA209414 · NCI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY D/B/A HARVARD SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH · PI David C Christiani · 2017 to 2026
$12.2M
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ARDSR01HL060710 · NHLBI · HARVARD UNIVERSITY (SCH OF PUBLIC HLTH) · PI CHRISTIANI, DAVID C · 2000 to 2015
$8.4M
New Statistical Methods for Modelling Cancer OutcomesR01CA249096 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Yi Li · 2021 to 2026
$2.5M
Detecting racial disparities in cancer survival by integrating multiple high-dimensional observational studiesR01CA269398 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI GUHA, SUBHARUP, LI, YI · 2022 to 2025
$1.3M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA249096NCI NIH HHS R01 CA269398NCI NIH HHS U01 CA209414NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL060710NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES000002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Emerging evidence highlights the role of thyroid hormones in cancer, although findings are controversial. Research on thyroid-related traits in lung carcinogenesis is limited. Using UK Biobank data, we performed bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess causal associations between lung cancer risk and thyroid dysfunction (hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism) or functional traits (free thyroxine [FT4] and normal-range thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]). Furthermore, in the smoking-behavior-stratified MR analysis, we evaluated the mediating effect of thyroid-related phenotypes on the association between smoking behaviors and lung cancer. We demonstrated significant associations between lung cancer risk and hypothyroidism (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.26,

Indexed as

causalityhyperthyroidismhypothyroidismlung neoplasmsMendelian randomization analysissmoking

Identifiers

PMID40065519
PMCPMC12481675

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.