Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40064925›Full record

ArticleNature communications2025

Edge-guided inverse design of digital metamaterial-based mode multiplexers for high-capacity multi-dimensional optical interconnect.

Aolong Sun, Sizhe Xing, Xuyu Deng, Ruoyu Shen, An Yan, Fangchen Hu, Yuqin Yuan, Boyu Dong, Junhao Zhao, Ouhan Huang and 10 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Q-LEAP: Millisecond Hyperdimensional Optimization for Full-Spectrum Optical Metamaterials.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Aolong Sun *School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Sizhe Xing *School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xuyu DengSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Ruoyu ShenSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
An YanSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Fangchen HuZhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
Yuqin YuanSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Boyu DongSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Junhao ZhaoSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Ouhan HuangSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5624-7665
Ziwei LiSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-989X
Jianyang ShiSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-3704
Yingjun ZhouSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Chao ShenSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2860-8897
Yiheng ZhaoZhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
Bingzhou HongZhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
Wei ChuZhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China. chuwei@zjlab.ac.cn.
Junwen ZhangSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. junwenzhang@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-1608
Haiwen CaiZhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
Nan ChiSchool of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. nanchi@fudan.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4966-3844

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 62235005, 62171137 and 61925104
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The escalating demands of compute-intensive applications urgently necessitate the adoption of optical interconnect technologies to overcome bottlenecks in scaling computing systems. This requires fully exploiting the inherent parallelism of light across scalable dimensions for data loading. Here we experimentally demonstrate a synergy of wavelength- and mode- multiplexing combined with high-order modulation formats to achieve multi-tens-of-terabits-per-second optical interconnects using foundry-compatible silicon photonic circuits. Implementing an edge-guided analog-and-digital optimization method that integrates high efficiency with fabrication robustness, we achieve the inverse design of mode multiplexers based on digital metamaterial waveguides. Furthermore, we employ a packaged five-mode multiplexing chip, achieving a single-wavelength interconnect capacity of 1.62 Tbit s

Identifiers

PMID40064925
PMCPMC11894115

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.