ArticleJournal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines2025
Interactions between infant characteristics and parenting factors rarely replicate across cohorts and developmental domains.
Article in Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Associations Between Paternal Sensitivity and Cognitive and Behavioural Outcomes in Preterm Children: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.Child: care, health and development · 2026Pooled it
- Anthropometric differences between twins at birth and their association with later cognitive performance.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2026Article
- Intergenerational Transmission of Depressive Symptoms in Chinese Families: The Role of Mothers versus Fathers and Adolescent Perceptual Sensitivity.Psychology research and behavior management · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhether, and how, infant characteristics and parenting quality interact is one of developmental psychology's key questions. However, whether specific interaction patterns replicate across cohorts or developmental outcomes is largely unknown. This study investigates whether infant characteristics and parenting quality are independent predictors (additive effects) of child outcomes or interact such that certain infants particularly suffer from poor parenting (diathesis stress), particularly benefit from good parenting (vantage sensitivity) or both (differential susceptibility).
methodsIndividual participant data from over 30,000 children from four prospective cohorts were pooled. Using a competitive-confirmatory approach of model evaluation, 16 possible permutations of infant characteristics (temperament and birthweight), parenting (maternal-reported stimulating and sensitive parenting) and later developmental outcomes (fluid and crystalised intelligence, internalising and externalising behaviour) were tested. The robustness of results was evaluated by subsequently varying analytic methods, using alternative parenting measures including observer reports and excluding covariates.
resultsAIC values in 10/16 analyses indicated infant characteristics acted independently of maternal-reported parenting for predicting developmental outcomes. Interaction patterns indicating diathesis stress (4/16), vantage sensitivity (2/16) or differential susceptibility (0/16) were rare or absent. However, diathesis-stress patterns were frequently found regarding birthweight and internalising behaviours, which were largely robust to methodological changes.
conclusionsDevelopmental outcomes are more consistently explained by additive effects rather than by interaction effects.
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Registered trials
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