ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Epstein-Barr virus and the immune microenvironment in multiple sclerosis: Insights from high-dimensional brain tissue imaging.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- EBNA1Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- cGAS-STING pathway modulation: A new hope for neural regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus and Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Insights into Virus-Driven Autoimmunity.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Beyond the neuron: the role of glial cells in viral neuropathogenesis.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Viral Infections and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Reinterpreting the Crosstalk Through a Dual-Role Lens.Current microbiology · 2026Review
- Toxoplasma gondii retinochoroiditis associated with Epstein-Barr virus-induced retinal necrosis in an immunocompetent patient.Journal of ophthalmic inflammation and infection · 2026Article
- Glial cells in chronic inflammation: diversity, dysfunction and therapeutic targeting.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- Spiking neural networks for real-time mapping of EBV-infected B cells in neuroinflammatory lesions.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Why Is MS a More Frequent Complication of EBV Infection in Females?Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Differential distribution of antiviral serology across multiple sclerosis phenotypes and its implications for disease pathogenesis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Interferon-β and FTY720 ameliorate progressive CNS inflammation via SOCS1-associated astrocyte signaling.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A CRISPR-Cas9 screen Reveals STEEP1 as a Key Host Dependency Factor for Epstein-Barr Virus Latent Membrane Protein 1 Trafficking and Signaling.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Multiple molecular mimics in Epstein Barr Nuclear Antigen-1, and the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Elucidating the Causal Relationships Between B Cells, Dendritic Cells, and Multiple Sclerosis Pathogenesis.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- EBV Dysregulation Is Associated With Immune Imbalance in Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence From Integrated Viral and Host Analyses.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- B-cell abundance in perivascular cuffs associates with local lesion activity in multiple sclerosis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Latent, Lytic, and Linked to Multiple Sclerosis-How EBV Drives Autoimmunity.European journal of immunology · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus associated diseases: Immune alterations and targeted approaches.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Societal allostatic load under chronic threat: defensive dominance and collective efficacy (Iran as a case example).Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Article
- EBV Early Lytic Antigens, EBNA2 and PDL-1, in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Brain: A Coordinated Contribution to Viral Immune Evasion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), yet its exact role in disease progression remains unclear. Using high-dimensional CO-detection by indexing, a technology for spatial imaging, this study examines the cellular microenvironment of MS lesions in secondary progressive MS and primary progressive MS. We analyzed immune, glial, neuronal, and endothelial cell interactions within MS lesions and normal-appearing white matter across two independent cohorts. Our findings show the enrichment of EBV markers, particularly EBNA1 and LMP1, within MS lesions. EBV-positive cells interact closely with reactive astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. Image analysis confirmed the presence of EBV-positive staining within neurons and glial cells, suggesting a direct role for EBV in neuronal and glial involvement in MS. Additionally, we observed altered immune cell interactions, including reduced associations with macrophages and memory T cells, and enhanced interactions with glial cells. Disruptions in blood-brain barrier integrity were also noted in regions of the MS brain. These results highlight EBV's contribution to immune modulation, glial dysfunction, and neuronal damage in MS, particularly in progressive subtypes. The analysis of MS brain tissue suggests potential therapeutic targets, including antivirals and brain penetrant immune modulators, to address EBV's impact on MS progression.
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