ReviewACS nano2025
Interfacing with the Brain: How Nanotechnology Can Contribute.
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Review in ACS nano, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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17citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- How Neuromorphic Microstructures Control In Vitro Early-Stage Neuronal Outgrowth.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- PolyGraph - Flexible, Biocompatible & Electrically Optimized Graphene-Polymer Composites for Next-Generation Neural Interfaces.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- A Sustainable Alternative to PVDF for Neural Tissue Engineering via Piezoelectric PHBV and Cellulose Acetate Fibers.ACS biomaterials science & engineering · 2026Article
- Ethical Precision in Nanoscale Brain Interfacing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Functional Disorder at the Neural Interface: How Disordered Nanostructures Promote Proper Growth and Differentiation in In Vitro Neural Cultures.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Conductive Hydrogel-Enabled Electrode for Scalp Electroencephalography Monitoring.Small methods · 2026Review
- A novel biomacromolecule-predominated hybrid unit: from design, characterization to application.National science review · 2026Article
- Poking Pluripotency: Nanoinjection Into Human iPSCs.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Smart Nanotechnologies for Multimodal Neuromodulation and Brain Interfacing.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Advancing neuroengineering with Neuromorphic Twins.Nature communications · 2026Review
- Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway in schizophrenia (Review).Biomedical reports · 2026Review
- Brain-computer interfaces race to the clinic.Nature nanotechnology · 2025Article
- Predictive Wafer-Scale Copper Nanowire Fabrication Using Template-Assisted On-Substrate Electrodeposition.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2025Article
- Advanced Brain-on-a-Chip for Wetware Computing: A Review.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- A Low-Cost Multimodal Testbed for Array-Based Electrophysiological Microelectrodes.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Design Strategies of PEDOT:PSS-Based Conductive Hydrogels and Their Applications in Health Monitoring.Polymers · 2025Review
- Sensing a rainbow of colors: algal photoreceptors.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
97 authors.
Abdullah A A AhmedFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Nuria AlegretBiogipuzkoa HRI, Paseo Dr. Begiristain s/n, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8329-4459
Bethany AlmeidaDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-4872-3403
Ramón Alvarez-PueblaUniversitat Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-4770-5756
Anne M AndrewsDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-1961-4833
Laura BalleriniNeuroscience Area, International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA/ISAS), Trieste 34136, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8420-0787
Juan J Barrios-CapuchinoFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Charline BeckerFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Robert H BlickFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Shahin BonakdarFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Indranath ChakrabortyFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4195-9384
Xiaodong ChenInnovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck - NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.ORCID 0000-0002-3312-1664
Jinwoo CheonInstitute for Basic Science Center for Nanomedicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-8948-5929
Gerwin ChillaFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0009-0008-3948-2293
Andre Luiz Coelho ConceicaoDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
James DelehantyU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-9245-3936
Martin DulleJCNS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.
Alexander L EfrosU.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-1938-553X
Matthias EppleInorganic Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen (CeNIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-1641-7068
Mark FedykCenter for Neuroengineering and Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, California 95817, United States.
Neus FeliuZentrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie CAN, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Miao FengFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Rafael Fernández-ChacónInstituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-9845-9885
Irene Fernandez-CuestaFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5666-6042
Niels FertigNanion Technologies GmbH, 80339 München, Germany.
Stephan FörsterJCNS-1, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52428 Jülich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7323-2449
Jose A GarridoICREA, 08010 Barcelona, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5621-1067
Michael GeorgeNanion Technologies GmbH, 80339 München, Germany.
Andreas H GuseThe Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
Norbert HamppFachbereich Chemie, Universität Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1614-2698
Jann HarbertsFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Jili HanFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Hauke R HeekerenExecutive University Board, Universität Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg Germany.
Ulrich G HofmannSection for Neuroelectronic Systems, Department for Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany.
Malte HolzapfelZentrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie CAN, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Hessam HosseinkazemiFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Yalan HuangFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Patrick HuberInstitute for Materials and X-ray Physics, Hamburg University of Technology, 21073 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2126-9100
Taeghwan HyeonCenter for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-5959-6257
Sven IngebrandtInstitute of Materials in Electrical Engineering 1, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0405-2727
Marcello IencaInstitute for Ethics and History of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, Technische Universität München (TUM), 81675 München, Germany.
Armin IskeFachbereich Mathematik, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Yanan KangFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Gregor KasieczkaFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Dae-Hyeong KimCenter for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-4722-1893
Kostas KostarelosCatalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-2224-6672
Jae-Hyun LeeInstitute for Basic Science Center for Nanomedicine, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-9236-157X
Kai-Wei LinFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Sijin LiuState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5643-0734
Xin LiuFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Yang LiuFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Christian LohrFachbereich Biologie, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6518-6422
Volker MailänderDepartment of Dermatology, Center for Translational Nanomedicine, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes-Gutenberg, Universität Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
Laura MaffongelliInstitute of Medical Psychology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany.
Saad MegahedFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-8556-5710
Alf MewsFachbereich Chemie, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-5739-8820
Marina MutasZentrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie CAN, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Leroy NackFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Nako NakatsukaLaboratory of Chemical Nanotechnology (CHEMINA), Neuro-X Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Geneva CH-1202, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8248-5248
Thomas G OertnerInstitute for Synaptic Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2312-7528
Andreas OffenhäusserInstitute of Biological Information Processing - Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
Martin OheimUniversité Paris Cité, CNRS, Saints Pères Paris Institute for the Neurosciences, 75006 Paris, France.
Ben OtangeFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Ferdinand OttoFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Enrico PatronoInstitute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 12000, Czech Republic.
Bo PengFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Alessandra PicchiottiFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Filippo PieriniDepartment of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-6526-4141
Monika Pötter-NergerHead and Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
Maria PozziFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Arnd PralleUniversity at Buffalo, Department of Physics, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States.ORCID 0000-0002-6079-109X
Maurizio PratoCIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-8869-8612
Bing QiFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0009-0006-4347-1429
Pedro Ramos-CabrerCIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0368-7031
Ute Resch GengerDivision Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0944-1115
Norbert RitterExecutive Faculty Board, Faculty for Mathematics, Informatics and Natural Sciences, Universität Hamburg, 20345 Hamburg, Germany.
Marten RittnerFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Sathi RoyZentrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie CAN, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0645-5386
Francesca SantoroInstitute of Biological Information Processing - Bioelectronics, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7323-9504
Nicolas W SchuckInstitute of Psychology, Universität Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Florian SchulzFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-4440-3680
Erkin ŞekerUniversity of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2401-3562
Marvin SkibaFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0009-0004-5439-6730
Martin SosniokZentrum für Angewandte Nanotechnologie CAN, Fraunhofer-Institut für Angewandte Polymerforschung IAP, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
Holger StephanHelmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, 01328 Dresden, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-2972-2803
Ruixia WangFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0009-0007-1504-921X
Ting WangState Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.
K David WegnerDivision Biophotonics, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), 12489 Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0517-1880
Paul S WeissDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-5527-6248
Ming XuState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4499-6116
Chenxi YangFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Seyed Shahrooz ZargarianDepartment of Biosystems and Soft Matter, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Yuan ZengFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Yaofeng ZhouFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Dingcheng ZhuFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5636-4976
Robert ZieroldFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0292-0970
Wolfgang J ParakFachbereich Physik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1672-6650
Funding
Micro- to Nanoscale Neurochemical SensorsR01DA045550 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI ANDREWS, ANNE MILASINCIC · 2017 to 2021
$5.8MMulti-Site Non-Invasive Magnetothermal Excitation and Inhibition of Deep Brain StructuresR01MH111872 · NIMH · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI ANIKEEVA, POLINA O, PRALLE, ARND · 2016 to 2019
$3.6MSynchronized neuronal and peripheral biomarker recordings in freely moving humansR61MH135106 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI NANTHIA W SUTHANA · 2024 to 2026
$3.1MDeep Tissue Magneto-Genetic Cell-Stimulation for Neuroscience and TherapyR01MH094730 · NIMH · STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK AT BUFFALO · PI PRALLE, ARND · 2011 to 2014
$1.2MA Microfabricated Model of Enteric Epithelium-Neuron Interaction for Studying the Influence of Bacterial MetabolitesR21AT010933 · NCCIH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI SEKER, ERKIN · 2020 to 2021
$405kNeuronal Contribution to the Propagation of Inflammation in the Central Nervous SystemR03NS118156 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI SEKER, ERKIN · 2020 to 2021
$216kNCCIH NIH HHS R21 AT010933NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA045550NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH094730NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH111872NIMH NIH HHS R61 MH135106NINDS NIH HHS R03 NS118156
Abstract
Interfacing artificial devices with the human brain is the central goal of neurotechnology. Yet, our imaginations are often limited by currently available paradigms and technologies. Suggestions for brain-machine interfaces have changed over time, along with the available technology. Mechanical levers and cable winches were used to move parts of the brain during the mechanical age. Sophisticated electronic wiring and remote control have arisen during the electronic age, ultimately leading to plug-and-play computer interfaces. Nonetheless, our brains are so complex that these visions, until recently, largely remained unreachable dreams. The general problem, thus far, is that most of our technology is mechanically and/or electrically engineered, whereas the brain is a living, dynamic entity. As a result, these worlds are difficult to interface with one another. Nanotechnology, which encompasses engineered solid-state objects and integrated circuits, excels at small length scales of single to a few hundred nanometers and, thus, matches the sizes of biomolecules, biomolecular assemblies, and parts of cells. Consequently, we envision nanomaterials and nanotools as opportunities to interface with the brain in alternative ways. Here, we review the existing literature on the use of nanotechnology in brain-machine interfaces and look forward in discussing perspectives and limitations based on the authors' expertise across a range of complementary disciplines─from neuroscience, engineering, physics, and chemistry to biology and medicine, computer science and mathematics, and social science and jurisprudence. We focus on nanotechnology but also include information from related fields when useful and complementary.
Indexed as
BrainBrain-Computer InterfacesNanotechnologyAnimalsHumansNanostructuresbrain−machine interfacesbrain-on-a-chipcontrol of ion channelsdeep brain stimulationelectrode arraysextracellular recordingsNanoneuro interfacenanostructured interfaceneuro-implantsneuronal communication
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