ReviewJournal of behavioral addictions2025
Current interpretations of the I-PACE model of behavioral addictions.
Review in Journal of behavioral addictions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 73 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
73 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A systematic review of internet addiction in hospitalized adolescents: proposing a hospital-adapted moderated dual mediation model of emotional dysregulation and social compensation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Interconnected desires: A systematic review of compulsive buying-shopping disorder and its links to disordered eating and body image by gender.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2025Pooled it
- A multi-scale, circuit-to-gene signature of approach-bias modification in internet gaming disorder.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2026Trial
- Seeking pleasure or seeking compensation: a dual-pathway model of problematic social networks use.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Problematic social media use is associated with altered directed exploration under uncertainty.Addictive behaviors reports · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapy for online behavioral addictions: a systematic review.Future science OA · 2026Review
- The neurobiology of binge eating disorder: a systematic review of studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Article
- Person, Affective, Cognitive, and Executive Dimensions Associated with Problematic Social Media Use, Internet Gaming Disorder, and Their Co-Occurrence in Young Adults.European journal of investigation in health, psychology and education · 2026Article
- Problematic Online Gaming and Gambling Among First-Year University Students: Identification of Profiles and Psychological Vulnerabilities.Journal of gambling studies · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Associations Between Problematic Internet Use and Future Time Perspective Among Adolescents: A Two-Wave Cross-Lagged Study.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring College Students' AI Dependence in Human-AI Collaborative Creation: Development and Validation of the CC-PACE Model.Journal of Intelligence · 2026Article
- A Vicious Cycle of Psychological Distress and Problematic Mobile Phone Use in Adolescence: A Longitudinal Test of a Dual Metacognitive Pathway.Journal of adolescence · 2026Article
- Relationships Between Psychological Resilience, Rejection Sensitivity, and Short-Video Addiction in University Students: A Cross-Lagged Analysis.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Gaming disorder and compensation-based gaming motivations: A longitudinal study of emerging adults.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2026Article
- Approach-avoidance tendencies in problematic usage of the internet: Evidence from a multisite study.Journal of behavioral addictions · 2026Article
- Diagnostic uncertainty and addiction-like reassurance seeking in patients with pulmonary nodules: a cross-sectional study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Predictors of Weekday and Weekend Screen Time in a Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Sample (Aged 12-18 Years).Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Psychosocial correlates of internet addiction in adolescents with depression and non-suicidal self-injury: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Understanding internet gaming disorder in Mexican university students: prevalence and associated factors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
13 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background and aims: The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model of behavioral addictions is used relatively often as a scientific framework to specify research hypotheses and to interpret empirical findings in behavioral addiction research. There are, however, controversial interpretations in the literature regarding some specific elements of the model, which may require a more precise definition of specific constructs and processes that are central to the I-PACE model. Methods: This is neither a comprehensive literature review nor a proposal for a new version of the I-PACE model. We aim to provide a selective, critical evaluation of some interpretations of the model and to include recent developments regarding addiction theories and controversial debates. Results: The role of gratification and compensation and therefore positive and negative reinforcement are specified. The concepts of cue-reactivity and craving are considered in the context of desire thinking and permissive beliefs. The relationships between impulsive, habitual, and compulsive behaviors in behavioral addictions are discussed. The effects of general self-control and situation-specific executive functions are elaborated. Punishment (in)sensitivity is discussed as a further important process potentially involved in behavioral addictions. These constructs and processes (through their interactions) are considered in the context of changes over time in the course of addictive behaviors. Conclusion: This viewpoint article aims to provide greater precision and clarity regarding some specific elements of the I-PACE model, which may help stimulate research and theory building and advance clinical care in the behavioral addiction field.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.