Perceptions of Patient-Clinician Communication Among Adults With and Without Serious Illness.

Importance: High-quality, person-centered patient-clinician communication is critical in health care and may be less effective for patients with serious illness. Little is understood about differences in patient-clinician communication experiences of adults with and without serious illness. Objectives: To determine whether perceptions of patient-clinician communication experiences differ between adults with and without serious illness. Design, Setting, and Participants: This population-based cross-sectional survey was fielded from April 20 to May 31, 2021, and data were analyzed from January 27, 2023, to December 10, 2024. Participants included a nationally representative sample of US English- or Spanish-speaking adults, including people from historically marginalized groups (eg, Black and Hispanic or Latino individuals, people with low income), responding to an online or telephone survey. Exposure: Participants were categorized by serious illness status. Participants with serious illness replied yes to (1) having a diagnosis from a list of medical conditions and (2) reporting feeling sicker or having decreased functionality during the last year. Main Outcomes and Measures: The survey asked about community partner-derived measures of patient-clinician communication experiences, including trusting clinicians, feeling afraid to speak up, and being unsure about next steps. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the association of serious illness with these communication experiences, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. Percentages were weighted according to the National Opinion Research Center's statistical weighting methods to account for differences in nonresponse. Results: Of 6126 individuals invited, 1847 (30.2%) completed the survey and were included in analysis (mean [SD] age, 48.4 [17.5] years); 950 (51.8%) identified as female; 191 (11.9%) identified as Black and 287 (16.7%) as Hispanic; and 434 (17.8%) had an annual income less than $30 000 (here called low income). Among respondents, 363 participants (18.5%) had serious illness (mean [SD] age, 50.2 [18.1] years; 218 [64.5%] female; 34 [12.4%] Black; 54 [16.4%] Hispanic; 131 [27.3%] with low income), and 1484 (81.5%) had no serious illness (mean [SD] age, 48.0 [17.4] years; 732 [48.9%] female; 157 [11.8%] Black; 233 [16.7%] Hispanic; 303 [15.6%] with low income). Compared with adults without serious illness, adults with serious illness were more likely to report leaving a visit unsure about next steps (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.30; 95% CI, 1.62-3.27); being afraid to ask questions or speak up (AOR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.55-3.08); believing they were talked down to or made to feel inferior (AOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.24-2.91); and believing that they were treated unfairly by clinicians (AOR, 3.26; 95% CI, 2.43-4.38). Conclusions and Relevance: In this cross-sectional study, adults with serious illness more often had worse patient-clinician communication experiences. Further research is needed to better understand and develop interventions to improve perceptions of patient-clinician communication experiences for adults with serious illness.