ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Unraveling the immune system's role in peripheral nerve regeneration: a pathway to enhanced healing.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Early injury-induced responses in the transected adult human sural nerve.Research square · 2026Article
- Balancing inflammation and regeneration: immune cell dynamics in nerve repair: a comprehensive review.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2026Review
- Cannabidiol-rich extract suppresses the activation of proinflammatory genes IL-1β and IL-6 in equine mesenchymal stem cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Biocompatible, Ion-Conductive Hydrogel-Filled Nerve Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Article
- C-1101 multi-protein platelet and plasma-derived therapeutic to treat chronic lumbosacral radiculopathy.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- The neuroimmune microenvironment of peripheral nerve injury: mechanisms, pathophysiology, and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in surgery · 2026Review
- CD8Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Cellular Senescence in Neuropathic Pain: Mechanistic Crosstalk.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Regenerative potential of immune cells after traumatic muscle injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Dual role of complement in neuronal repair.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Folic Acid Ameliorates the Chronic Constriction Injury of Sciatic Nerve -Induced Memory Impairments in Rats.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPRArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) represents a common challenge in clinical practice. In contrast to the central nervous system (CNS), the peripheral nervous system (PNS) in mature mammals possesses a limited regenerative capacity. Upon the occurrence of PNI, peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR) is initiated, facilitated by the activation of the immune microenvironment and the intrinsic growth potential of neurons. This regenerative process encompasses several key stages, including distal axon degeneration, myelin breakdown, clearance of myelin debris, inflammatory responses from non-neuronal cells, and subsequent axonal regeneration. The immune response, recognized for its role in clearing myelin debris and modulating the local inflammatory milieu, is crucial for initiating axonal regeneration at the proximal stump of nerves. Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms by which the immune response influences PNI and the strategies to harness this process to augment regeneration remain elusive. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse roles and mechanisms of the immune system in PNR and presents insights into potential therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, the article examines immune-associated signaling pathways and their impact on PNR, underscoring the significance of immune modulation in enhancing patient outcomes with PNI. Ultimately, it encapsulates and forecasts the theoretical and practical directions of this field.
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