ArticleEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2015
Scientific Opinion on the safety and efficacy of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons (chemical group 31) when used as flavourings for all animal species.
Article in EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed.
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the flowering aerial parts ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the flowering aerial parts ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the leaves ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the aerial parts ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the flowering aerial parts ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of rosemary tinctures obtained from the leaves ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from SelectedAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of a tincture derived from the leaves ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the leaves ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the aerial parts ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the leaves ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Risk assessment of food additives including dietary exposure.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the flowering stems ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the leaves ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the flowering tops ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from leaves and terminal branchlets ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil derived from the flowering tops ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the fruit ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the fruit ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
- Safety and efficacy of a feed additive consisting of an essential oil obtained from the wood ofEFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2024Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chemical group 31 consists of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, of which 17 are currently authorised for use as flavours in food. This opinion concerns nine compounds from this group. The Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) is unable to perform an assessment of 1,4(8),12-bisabolatriene [01.016] due to the lack of data on its purity. The Panel concludes that d-limonene [01.045] is safe for all animal species, except for male rats, at the proposed maximum dose level (25 mg/kg feed). 1-Isopropyl-4-methylbenzene [01.002] is safe for all target species, except cats, at the proposed maximum dose level (25 mg/kg feed), with a margin of safety ranging from 1-fold (no margin of safety) to 3.2-fold. For cats the calculated maximum safe concentration is 14 mg/kg complete feed. For the compounds belonging to Cramer Class I, terpinolene [01.005], alpha-phellandrene [01.006], 1-isopropenyl-4-methylbenzene [01.010], alpha-terpinene [01.019], gamma-terpinene [01.020] and l-limonene [01.046], the calculated safe use level is 1.5 mg/kg complete feed for cattle, salmonids and non-food-producing animals and 1 mg/kg complete feed for pigs and poultry. The absence of a margin of safety would not allow the simultaneous administration in feed and water for drinking of these substances. Overall, the FEEDAP Panel is not in the position to conclude on the use of these additives in water for drinking. No safety concern would arise for the consumer from the use of these compounds up to the highest safe levels in feeds. All compounds should be considered irritant to skin, eyes and respiratory tract and as skin sensitisers. No risk for the safety for the environment is foreseen. Since all of the compounds under assessment are used in food as flavourings, and their function in feed is essentially the same as that in food, no further demonstration of efficacy is necessary.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.