ArticleJournal of ginseng research2025
Korean Red Ginseng relieves the inflammation and oxidative stress induced by pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Journal of ginseng research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Ginsenosides Rh2 and Rg3 in first-line combination therapy: Prospects for rapid clinical translation in drug-resistant triple-negative breast cancer.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Emerging and underexplored ginsenosides in cancer therapy (2020-2025): Beyond cytotoxic mechanisms.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Identification of (20R)-protopanaxadiol from Panax ginseng as a novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 compound.FEBS open bio · 2026Article
- Pharmacological regulation of airway ciliary motility: endogenous mediators, pharmaceutical agents, and natural compounds with a focus on ginsenoside Rd.Journal of natural medicines · 2026Review
- Review
- Microbiome-mediated pharmacology of ginseng: Mechanistic insights into metabolic regulation and therapeutic potential.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Cellular and molecular regulation of skin by ginseng and its bioactive Constituents: A review of studies from 2021 to 2025.Journal of ginseng research · 2026Review
- Exploring theJournal of ginseng research · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Background: Developing antiviral agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a global goal since the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic emerged in 2019. Korean Red Ginseng (KRG), recognized for its immunomodulating and antiviral properties, may be effective against SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the efficiency of KRG in a human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2)-expressing mouse model infected with pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 (PSV). Methods: The lung injury score was assessed using H&E staining, and the immune cell population shift in the lung and spleen was observed through flow cytometry. Serum IgM and IgG concentrations were quantified using enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). Pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were measured by cytometric bead assay (CBA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, the expression of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and inflammation-related transcription factors was detected by immunoblotting. RNA-sequencing and antibody array assays reconfirmed gene expression in inflammation and oxidation. Results: KRG extract was most effective in treating lung injuries and serum IgM and IgG levels. Also, immune cells, including neutrophils, were regulated in the lungs, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a) levels were reduced. NLRP3 and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (NF-kB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1) were downregulated. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression was increased, indicating that KRG extract has antioxidant properties. RNA-sequencing and antibody array assays revealed that KRG extract regulates the expression of genes associated with inflammation and oxidative damage. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that KRG extract may suppress PSV-induced inflammation and oxidative stress, making it a viable antiviral functional food.
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