Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40061428›Full record

SynthesisFrontiers in pediatrics2025

Early caffeine therapy decreases bronchopulmonary dysplasia but might increase mortality in preterm infants? a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Juan Ma, Long Chen, Kaihong Mu, Shifang Tang, Yuan Shi

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Indications and timings for caffeine initiation in preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Juan Ma *Department of Neonatology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China.
Long Chen *Department of Neonatology, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongging Medical University (Chongging Health Center for Women and Children), Chongqing, China.
Kaihong MuDepartment of Pediatrics, SongShan General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
Shifang TangDepartment of Pediatrics, SongShan General Hospital, Chongqing, China.
Yuan ShiDepartment of Neonatology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Metabolism and Inflammatory Diseases, Chongqing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of early vs. late caffeine therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were searched up to October 2024. Studies comparing early and late caffeine therapy for BPD in infants were included. The primary outcomes were the incidence of BPD, severe BPD, and mortality. Results: Eleven studies (1 RCT and 10 cohorts) with 64,749 patients (34,175 early and 30,574 late) were included. Meta-analysis revealed a significantly lower incidence of BPD (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.79; Conclusions: Early caffeine therapy may reduce BPD incidence but increase mortality risk in infants. More large-scale, prospective studies are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of early vs. late caffeine therapy for BPD. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=474351, PROSPERO (CRD42023474351).

Indexed as

BPDbronchopulmonary dysplasiacaffeinemeta-analysismortality

Identifiers

PMID40061428
PMCPMC11885309

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.