Engaging in moral learning: veterans' perspectives on how the moral dimensions of moral injury are addressed in one-on-one meetings with Dutch military chaplains.

Introduction: There is an increasing attention for the role of military chaplains (MCs) in supporting veterans with moral injury. However, research into how veterans experience the support of MCs remains scarce. Moreover, no studies to date have explored this question in a Dutch contex, while this is relevant as it can offer insight into what forms of care are helpful in predominantly secular societies. Methods: This article presents a study from the Netherlands, involving 12 veterans. Using a longitudinal qualitative approach, we explored how the one-on-one conversations with MCs unfold over time. Results: Our study shows that three types of moral questions underly experiences of moral injury. Veterans see the conversations with MCs as an opportunity to exchange thoughts and perspectives concerning these ongoing moral struggles, a process that we conceptualize as 'moral learning'. Over time, we found 5 types of change in veterans' experience of moral injury. The conversations with MCs helped veterans to: share their stories, thoughts and worries; grow personally; better understand and accept certain events; feel a stronger connection with others; critically engage with the Dutch Ministry of Defence. Discussion: This study raises questions about the centrality of the morally injurious events in chaplaincy interventions that are described in the literature. It suggests that supporting veterans in dealing with questions about the good life and about the conduct of the military may be just as or even more important as reflecting on morally injurious events. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of engaging with seemingly mundane, everyday issues when addressing the moral dimensions of veterans' struggles. This counters the focus on grand concepts like "forgiveness," "acceptance," "reconciliation," "restitution" and "vindication" which are usually emphasized in the literature about chaplaincy in the context of moral injury. The study shows that it is through reflection on the everyday that these larger concepts gain relevance and meaning within veterans' lives.