Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40060299›Full record

ArticleThe Russell Sage Foundation journal of the social sciences : RSF2025

How Ethnoracial Groups Spend Their Time.

Sarah James, Elizabeth Wrigley-Field

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Russell Sage Foundation journal of the social sciences : RSF, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Sarah JamesDemographic and Decennial Research Group of the Center for Economic Studies at the U.S. Census Bureau, United States.
Elizabeth Wrigley-FieldDepartment of Sociology and the Minnesota Population Center at the University of Minnesota, United States.

Funding

Time Use Data for Health and Well-BeingR01HD053654 · NICHD · UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK · PI Sarah M Flood, Liana C Sayer · 2006 to 2026
$11.5M
Minnesota Population Center Science and Technical CoreP2CHD041023 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI THERESA LOUISE OSYPUK · 2016 to 2026
$4.3M
Interdisciplinary Population Health Science Training: Linking Multilevel Forces Across TimeT32HD095134 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA · PI THERESA LOUISE OSYPUK, John Robert Warren · 2019 to 2026
$2.5M
NICHD NIH HHS P2C HD041023NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD053654NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD095134
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We know strikingly little about how time use varies across ethnoracial groups in the United States. We describe the daily lives of 210,586 White, Black, Hispanic, and Asian people in the nationally representative American Time Use Survey (2003-2019). Activities are similarly unpleasant for all groups, but White people spend the most time on highly pleasant leisure activities, Asian people spend the most time in unpleasant ways, and Black people spend the most time doing affectively neutral activities, such as watching television. These patterns show continuity in across recent decades and in harmonized historic data. Black people spend the most and Hispanic people the least time alone. We conclude that time diaries are a promising resource for exploring nuances in the texture of ethnoracial groups' daily experiences.

Indexed as

emotionsleisurerace-ethnicitytime useu-indexunpleasant experience

Identifiers

PMID40060299
PMCPMC11887659

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.