ArticleJournal of biochemical and molecular toxicology2025
Molecular Mechanisms of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Promoting Gastric Cancer Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Through SERPINE-1 Expression.
Article in Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neutrophil extracellular traps in the tumor microenvironment, metastasis, therapy, and beyond: advances, challenges, and perspectives.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Construction of a survival prognosis model for epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in gastric cancer.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Neutrophil Spatiotemporal Regulatory Networks: Dual Roles in Tumor Growth Regulation and Metastasis.Biomedicines · 2025Review
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7 authors.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer remains a significant global health concern, with its progression and metastasis often associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). This study investigated the role of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in promoting gastric cancer EMT by regulating SERPINE-1 expression, which encodes plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect protein expression. Cell Counting Kit-8 was tested for cell proliferation ability using clones. The SERPINE-1 gene was knocked down using lentivirus. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the co-expression of proteins, and a Transwell assay and wound-healing assay were used to investigate the migration ability of cells. Experimental conclusions were verified in vivo using a nude mouse model. We first demonstrated overexpression of PAI-1 in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines. Subsequently, we found that NETs significantly enhanced the expression of EMT-related markers. These changes were accompanied by increases in cell invasion, migration, proliferation and tumour sphere formation. To further elucidate the mechanism, we employed lentivirus-mediated SERPINE-1 knockdown to reverse NET-induced EMT phenotype effectively. Mechanistically, we found that NETs activated the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling pathway via PAI-1 as evidenced by increased expression of TGF-β1, TGF-βR1, TGF-βR2, phosphorylated Smad2/3 and Smad4. Finally, in vivo experiments using a nude mouse model of gastric cancer liver metastasis confirmed that NET-treated HGC-27 cells exhibited enhanced metastatic potential and SERPINE-1 knockdown abrogated metastatic potential. Our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which NETs promote EMT and metastasis in gastric cancer via the PAI-1-TGF-β axis. PAI-1 can be used as a potential target for the treatment of gastric cancer, and the expression of PAI-1 is closely related to the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Therapeutic strategies targeting NETs or PAI-1 may help prevent EMT and metastasis of gastric cancer and improve clinical outcomes in patients.
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