ArticleSmall (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)2025
Miniaturized Iontronic Micropipettes for Precise and Dynamic Ionic Modulation of Neuronal and Astrocytic Activity.
Article in Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lipid droplets in astrocytes: Key organelles for CNS homeostasis and disease (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Miniaturized Iontronic Micropipettes for Precise and Dynamic Ionic Modulation of Neuronal and Astrocytic Activity.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The composition of the extracellular milieu can vary significantly under physiological and pathological conditions, thereby altering the functional set point of brain cells. While global changes in the extracellular milieu are known to affect network activity, a detailed understanding of how specific changes in ion species impact individual cells remains elusive. Current modulation methods involve the use of diluted salts, such as KCl, where lack of precise control complicates data interpretation. This study achieves enhanced resolution by using a miniaturized iontronic micropipette. The micropipette, with a tip filled with polyelectrolyte and an outlet size below 2 µm, allows for on-demand ionic manipulation of single cells, without simultaneous co-delivery of solvents or other solutes. Electrical, chemical, and optical characterizations, supported by computational modeling, confirm the device's high spatial and temporal precision. Validated in hippocampal slices, the device demonstrates iontronic release of potassium ions (K⁺), with a low current (<200 nA), that effectively, rapidly, and reversibly modulates individually targeted neurons and astrocytes. These findings underscore the potential of iontronic micropipettes to elucidate the distinct responses of neuronal and glial cells to specific changes in the local extracellular milieu, offering insights for neuroscience research and therapeutic innovation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.