Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40059409›Full record

Trial reportJournal of clinical periodontology2025

Intermittent Fasting Regimes Reduce Gingival Inflammation: A Three-Arm Clinical Trial.

C L Pappe, J Maetschker, S Dujardin, B Peters, O Pivovarova-Ramich, F Kandil, A Michalsen, C Breinlinger, N Steckhan, D Koppold and 1 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Journal of clinical periodontology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

C L PappeDepartment of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-0645-704X
J MaetschkerDepartment of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
S DujardinDepartment of Prosthetic Dentistry, University School of Dental Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany.
B PetersDepartment of Molecular Metabolism and Precision Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
O Pivovarova-RamichDepartment of Molecular Metabolism and Precision Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
F KandilInstitute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
A MichalsenInstitute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
C BreinlingerInstitute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humbolt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
N SteckhanDigital Health-Connected Healthcare, Hasso Plattner Institute, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
D KoppoldGerman Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany.
H DommischDepartment of Periodontology, Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-1043-2651

Funding

European Association for the Study of Diabetes: Morgagni Prize 2020German Diabetic AssociationGerman Research Foundation: Adam Heller Prize 2021 RA 3340/3-1German Research Foundation: Adam Heller Prize 2021 RA 3340/4-1German Society for Dental, Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine (DGZMK)
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

aimTo evaluate the effect of religious Bahá'í dry fasting (BF) or 16:8 time-restricted eating (TRE) compared with a regular diet (CG) on periodontal parameters during a modified experimentally induced gingivitis. MATERIAL AND

methodsAll participants were asked to refrain from oral hygiene (3 sextant) for 9 days (T1-T2) and were followed for a total of 19 days (T3) while adhering to fasting or a regular diet and resuming oral hygiene. The primary outcome was bleeding on probing in the test sextant (BOP_s), Rustogi plaque index (RPI), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), blood pressure (BP), body weight (BW), HbA1c and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured (T1-T3) and ANCOVA and post hoc comparison were applied.

resultsSixty-six healthy participants were recruited. Forty-three were randomly assigned to TRE (n = 22) and CG (n = 21), while 23 followed BF, avoiding food and drinks during the day. At T2, BF demonstrated significantly less increase in BOP_s, and GCF increased in CG only. Analysis revealed significant differences in change for BOP_s between BF and CG (-9.48% [-17.18; -1.79]) and BF and TRE (-9.19% [-15.07; -3.32]) as well as for GCF between BF and CG (-0.06 μL [-7.22; -0.66]) and TRE and CG (-0.08 μL [-0.17; -0.00]).

conclusionThis study indicates beneficial effects of different fasting protocols on oral experimental gingivitis and metabolic parameters, but results are limited by randomisation issues and potential bias in the BF group.

Indexed as

FastingGingivitisAdultBlood PressureBody WeightC-Reactive ProteinDental Plaque IndexFemaleGingival Crevicular FluidGlycated HemoglobinHumansIntermittent FastingMaleMiddle AgedOral HygienePeriodontal IndexC-Reactive ProteinGlycated HemoglobinBahá'í fastingbleeding on probingcrevicular fluidexperimental gingivitis modelgingival inflammationintermittent fasting/16:8 fasting

Identifiers

PMID40059409
PMCPMC12003054

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.