Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40059264›Full record

ArticleTropical animal health and production2025

Impact of urea-molasses treated wheat straw levels in total mixed rations on growth and nutrient digestibility in Azikheli buffalo calves.

Haroon Ur Rashid, Taimoor Khan, Anwar Ali Turi, Muhammad Abbas, Kalim Ullah, Isa Fusaro, Giovanni Buonaiuto, Damiano Cavallini

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tropical animal health and production, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Haroon Ur Rashid *Directorate General Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Taimoor Khan *Directorate General Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Anwar Ali TuriDirectorate General Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Muhammad AbbasDirectorate General Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Kalim UllahDirectorate General Livestock and Dairy Development Department, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Isa FusaroDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Loc. Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy.
Giovanni BuonaiutoDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy. giovanni.buonaiuto@unibo.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7806-4977
Damiano CavalliniDepartment of Veterinary Medical Sciences (DIMEVET), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Ozzano Dell'Emilia, Bologna, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of urea molasses-treated wheat straw on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Azikheli buffalo male calves. A longitudinal experiment was conducted on sixteen calves, randomly assigned to four experimental dietary treatments (n = 4 per group). The experimental diets included a control group (U0) with untreated wheat straw and three groups where urea molasses-treated wheat straw replaced 33% (U33), 66% (U66), or 100% (U100) of the straw in the total mixed ration. Results indicated that increasing the proportion of urea-treated wheat straw from 0 to 100% led to significant improvements in dry matter intake (from 2931 to 4034 g/day) and organic matter intake (from 2596 to 3623 g/day). Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fiber also followed an increasing trend, reaching 77.42%, 81.21%, 87.10%, and 60.22%, respectively, at the highest urea-treated wheat straw level. Furthermore, weight gain was significantly greater in calves fed 100% urea-treated wheat straw, followed by those in the U66, U33, and U0 groups. Feed conversion efficiency improved substantially in the U100 and U66 groups than U33 and U0. These findings suggest that incorporating higher levels of UMTWS in total mixed rations enhances nutrient digestibility, promoting superior growth performance and feed efficiency in Azikheli buffalo calves.

Indexed as

Animal FeedBuffaloesDigestionMolassesTriticumUreaAnimal Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaAnimalsDietMaleRandom AllocationUreaBuffaloFeed conversion rateMale calvesNutrient digestibility

Identifiers

PMID40059264
PMCPMC11891098

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.