ReviewMolecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy2025
CAR T cell therapy for glioblastoma: A review of the first decade of clinical trials.
Review in Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- Oncolytic virus OVV-03 enhances CAR-T cell therapy against glioblastoma via immune modulation and specific HER2 upregulation.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- GPNMB-directed CAR-T cell therapies for solid tumors.Nature cancer · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Therapeutic Resistance and Recent Advances in Glioblastoma Treatment.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Glioblastoma: epidemiology, molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and therapeutic resistance.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Dual-modality imaging enables longitudinal biodistribution profiling of intracerebroventricular CAR-T therapy in orthotopic glioma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Review
- NG2-targeting macrophages inhibit 3D invasion of patient-derived glioblastoma spheroids.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Precision Immunotherapeutics for Glioblastoma: Current Approaches and Emerging Strategies in 2026.Cells · 2026Review
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Cell therapy for brain tumors: The first 60 years.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Review
- Mathematical modeling of combinatorial antigen targeting with multiple CAR T-cell products for glioblastoma treatment.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Adoptive cell therapies in solid tumors: current clinical landscape, challenges, and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Combinatorial therapy with resveratrol sensitizes glioblastoma to NKG2D CAR-T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Recurrent Glioblastoma and the Tumor Immune Landscape: Emerging Immunotherapeutic Strategies.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- The dynamic myeloid-enriched microenvironment of glioblastoma: a major challenge to immunotherapy efficacy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Glioblastoma pathophysiology: roles of aging driven changes in STAT3 interactions with NF-κB dimer components in the modulation of the mitochondrial melatonergic pathway and night-time inflammation resolution.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2026Review
- Breaking the resistance barrier: synergistic evolution of CAR-T cells and bispecific antibodies in the era of precision immuno-oncology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunosuppressive mechanisms and therapeutic interventions shaping glioblastoma immunity.Nature cancer · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive primary brain tumor with a poor prognosis and few effective treatment options. Focus has shifted toward using immunotherapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, to selectively target tumor antigens and mediate cytotoxic activity within an otherwise immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Between 2015 and 2024, the results of eight completed and two ongoing phase I clinical trials have been published. The majority of studies have treated recurrent GBM patients, although the inter- and intra-patient tumor heterogeneity has been historically challenging to overcome. Molecular targets have included EGFR, HER2, and IL13Rα2 and there has been continued development in improving receptor constructs, identifying novel targets, and adding adjuvant enhancers to increase efficacy. CAR T cells have been safely administered through both peripheral and locoregional routes but with variable clinical and radiographic efficacy. Most trials utilized autologous T cell products to avoid immune rejection yet were unable to consistently show robust engraftment and persistence within patients. Nonetheless, targeted immunotherapies such as CAR T cell therapy remain the next frontier for GBM treatment, and the popularity and complexity of this undertaking is evident in the past, present, and future landscape of clinical trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.