ArticleJournal of biomedical science2025
IL-19 as a promising theranostic target to reprogram the glioblastoma immunosuppressive microenvironment.
Article in Journal of biomedical science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Ferroptosis-Based Nanotherapeutic Strategies to Overcome Temozolomide Resistance in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Pooled it
- IL-37 drives temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma via MAPK pathway activation.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Metabolic pattern changes of macrophages during cancer development and progression.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular Determinants of Macrophage Polarization in Glioblastoma and Implications for Tumor Progression.Cells · 2026Article
- PHF23-Related Prognostic Signature Modulates Immune Microenvironment and Promotes Tumor Malignancy in Glioma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Valproic acid reverses macrophage-mediated temozolomide resistance in macrophage-rich gliomas.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Article
- Antibody screening for tumor and immune hotspot targets: The frontier of new methods and technologies.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026Review
- Meningeal immunity and "Interstitial" therapy: a new paradigm for immunotherapy in glioblastoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- From Barrier to Gateway: Nanomaterials Reshaping the Tumor Microenvironment for Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Crosstalk in the brain tumor microenvironment: mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical advances.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Abnormal serum IL-10 and IL-19 levels in childhood- and adolescent-onset schizophrenia: associations with negative symptoms and language function.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- IL-20 Subfamily Biological Effects: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives in Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Molecular Insights into Oxidative-Stress-Mediated Cardiomyopathy and Potential Therapeutic Strategies.Biomolecules · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGlioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with chemoresistant, immunosuppressive, and invasive properties. Despite standard therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, tumors inevitably recur in the peritumoral region. Targeting GBM-mediated immunosuppressive and invasive properties is a promising strategy to improve clinical outcomes.
methodsWe utilized clinical and genomic data from the Taiwan GBM cohort and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to analyze RNA sequencing data from patient tumor samples, determining the association of interleukin-19 (Il-19) expression with survival and immunosuppressive activity. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to assess the relationship between the enrichment levels of immune subsets and Il-19 expression level, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was used to predict immune responses. Cytokine array and single-cell RNA sequencing were used to examine the effects of IL-19 blockade on tumor immune microenvironment, including tumor-infiltrating leukocyte profiles, differentiation and immunosuppressive genes expression in tumor associated macrophages (TAM). CRISPR Il-19
resultGenomic screening and IPA analysis identified IL-19 as a predicted immunosuppressive cytokine in the peritumoral region, associated with poor survival in patients with GBM. Blocking IL-19 significantly inhibited tumor progression of both TMZ-sensitive (TMZ-S) and TMZ-resistant (TMZ-R) GBM-bearing mice, and modulated the immune response within the GBM microenvironment. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveal that IL-19 antibody treatment led to a marked increase in dendritic cells and monocyte/macrophage subsets associated with interferon-gamma signaling pathways. IL-19 blockade promoted T cell activation and reprogrammed tumor-associated macrophages toward weakened pro-tumoral phenotypes with reduced Arginase 1 expression. Il19
conclusionIL-19 is a promising theranostic target for reversing immunosuppression and restricting the invasive activity of chemoresistant GBM cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.