ArticleBMC public health2025
Does travel time matter?: predictors of transportation vulnerability and access to HIV care among people living with HIV in South Carolina.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of Digital Health Interventions for Improving Antiretroviral Therapy Outcomes in People With HIV: Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Pooled it
- HIV Care Retention and Cost Analysis in Multi-Month ART Dispensing: A Randomized Controlled Trial in China.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2026Trial
- A Mixed Methods Study of Perceptions of a Rideshare Intervention to Address Transportation Vulnerability among People Living with HIV in South Carolina.Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS CareTrial
- Post-transition Care Retention and Viral Suppression Outcomes Among Youth Living with HIV in South Carolina: A Real-World Data Research.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Article
- The Potential Impact of Federal Funding Cuts on Access to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Atlanta, Georgia: Geographic Modeling Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2026Article
- Transportation, administrative burden, and COVID-19: A structural intersectional analysis of barriers to HIV care among Black sexual minority men living with HIV in the US South.SSM. Qualitative research in health · 2025Article
- Identifying the Factors Associated With Spatial Clustering of Incident HIV Infection Cases in High-Prevalence Regions: Quantitative Geospatial Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPeople living with HIV (PLHIV) in the southern United States (US) are at high risk for poor outcomes across the HIV care continuum leading to low rates of viral suppression. Understanding structural barriers to care-including transportation vulnerability-is critical to improve HIV outcomes. This study investigated relationships between travel time to HIV care, transportation vulnerability, and HIV care disruptions to inform future transportation interventions for PLHIV residing in South Carolina and other southern US states.
methodsA total of 160 PLHIV (N = 160) were recruited from a large immunology center in South Carolina. Participants reported on transportation experiences, transportation vulnerabilities, and residence. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics, transportation vulnerabilities, and HIV care disruptions were compared across travel time groups (< 15, 15-30, and > 30 min from residential location to the HIV clinic) using Mantel-Haenszel Chi-Square tests. Multivariable logistic regression tested our a priori hypothesis that travel time would predict HIV care disruptions.
resultsA majority of participants were aged 45-64 years old (54.4%), single (77.0%), male (63.8%), and Black (77.5%). Nearly 20% of participants lived < 15 min from their HIV clinic, 59.1% lived 15-30 min, and 21.4% lived > 30 min away. PLHIV who had to travel > 30 min to HIV care were more likely than those living < 15 min away to report transportation vulnerability (73.5% vs. 51.6%, p = 0.048), missed HIV care appointments (64.7% vs. 41.9%, p = 0.049), and transportation challenges that prevented them from seeing HIV care providers (67.7% vs. 39.4%; p = 0.014). Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) show that PLHIV who had to travel > 30 min were more likely to experience transportation-related disruptions to HIV care, including being late to appointments (AOR 5.25, 95% CI:1.06-25.92), missing appointments (AOR 3.85, 95% CI:1.04-15.89), and being unable to see HIV providers (AOR 7.06, 95% CI:0.59-14.89).
conclusionsIn South Carolina-a rural southern state with a disproportionate burden of HIV-long travel time (> 30 min) to HIV care is associated with care disruptions, including more missed visits. Transportation interventions, as well as other efforts to expand rural access to HIV care, are urgently needed to ensure that all PLHIV are able to engage in consistent HIV care in order to reach and maintain viral suppression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.