ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2025
Association and risk of blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio with congestive heart failure in critically ill COPD patients.
Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of global morbidity and death. The blood urea nitrogen-to-creatinine ratio (BCR) is recognized as a crucial marker to assess renal function and cardiovascular risk. Nevertheless, the effects of BCR on COPD patients suffering comorbid congestive heart failure (CHF) is not clarified. This study aims to elucidate the association between BCR and CHF risk in the COPD population.
methodsData from COPD patients meeting the eligibility criteria were from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database. The cumulative incidence curve was utilized for examining the link of BCR to CHF. Kaplan-Meier (KM) analysis was carried out for evaluating the relation of BCR to in-hospital mortality(IHM). Multivariable Cox regression assisted in assessing the correlation of BCR with CHF risk. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) were leveraged for unraveling the association of BCR (as a continuous variable) with CHF.
resultsOur study included 2,840 COPD patients in the intensive care unit for the first time, with hospital stays exceeding 24 h. The incidence of CHF was 57.18% among these patients. Cumulative incidence curve analysis demonstrated a notably increased CHF incidence in patients having higher BCR (18.889 < BCR ≤ 92.5) in contrast to those with lower BCR (2.877 ≤ BCR ≤ 18.889) (p < 0.0001). KM survival analysis indicated a markedly elevated IHM risk in patients with higher BCR in comparison to those with lower BCR (p < 0.0001). Multivariable Cox regression and RCS analysis further confirmed that higher BCR was linked to a risen likelihood of CHF [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI, 1.15-1.44), p < 0.001]. Subgroup analysis revealed a higher risk of CHF [HR = 1.41, 95% CI (1.13-1.76), p = 0.002] in patients with diabetes than those without [HR = 1.24, 95% CI (1.08-1.41), p = 0.002].
conclusionElevated BCR is an independent risk factor for CHF in critically ill COPD individuals and strongly related to a risen risk of CHF. The findings prove BCR as a reliable clinical predictor, facilitating risk stratification and personalized treatment for COPD patients with comorbid CHF.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.